❶ 英語語法，定語從句
不是省略先行詞 而是省略關系代詞，關系代詞在從句中作間接賓語，一般應該用介詞to/for加關系代詞表達 即相當於間接賓語。如果關系代詞前面有介詞，則關系代詞不能省略，如果介詞在定從末尾，則關系代詞可以省略。
如he is the man to whom I gave the book.
He is the man (who/whom）i gave the book to。
❷ 英語語法之定語從句
定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,片語或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現在先行詞之後，由關系詞（關系代詞或關系副詞）引出。
關系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
關系副詞有：when, where, why等。
18.1 關系代詞引導的定語從句
關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）
2) Whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3）which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語）
18.2 關系副詞引導的定語從句
關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。
1）when, where, why
關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？
2）that代替關系副詞
that可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。
18.3 判斷關系代詞與關系副詞
方法一： 用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決於從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞後面無賓語，就必須要求用關系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判斷改錯（註：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線；用不同的顏色表示 出。）
（錯） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（錯） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（對） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（對） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞 where, when聯系在一起。此兩題錯在關系詞的誤用上。
方法二： 准確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1變為肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2變為肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關系代詞，所以應選D。
而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum片語，可用介詞in + which 引導地點狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A。
關系詞的選擇依據在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關系代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應選擇關系副詞 ( where 地點狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語) 。
18.4 限制性和非限制性定語從句
1) 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性）
2) 當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其後的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理•史密斯去年退休了，他曾經是我的老師。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動人，我已經讀了三遍。
3) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態水變為蒸汽，這就叫做蒸發。
說明：關系代詞that和關系副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句。
18.5 介詞+關系詞 P>
1）介詞後面的關系詞不能省略。
2）that前不能有介詞。
3） 某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的"介詞+關系詞"結構可以同關系副詞when 和where 互換。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
18.6 as, which 非限定性定語從句
由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當於and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例題
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使後句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。which可代替句子，用於非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用於非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子並在一起在英語語法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：
(1） as 引導的定語從句可置於句首，而which不可。
(2） as 代表前面的整個主句並在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關系代詞只能用which.。
在本題中，prevent由於是行為動詞，所以正確選項應為B。
As 的用法
例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一種固定結構, 和……一樣……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是關系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語；例2中，它充當從句的主語，謂語動詞know要用被動式。
18.7 先行詞和關系詞二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)
18.8 what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything
What you want has been sent here.
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
（錯）Who breaks the law will be punished.
（錯）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
（對）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
（對）Who robbed the bank is not clear.
3) that 和 what
當that引導定語從句時 ，通常用作關系代詞，而引導名詞性從句時，是個不充當任何成分的連接詞。賓語從句和表語從句中的that常可省略。What只能引導名詞性從 句， 用作連接代詞，作從句的具體成分，且不能省略。
I think (that) you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.
18.9 關系代詞that 的用法
1）不用that的情況
a) 在引導非限定性定語從句時。
(錯) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介詞後不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況
a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b) 在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。
c) 先行詞有the only, the very修飾時，只用that。
d) 先行詞為序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。.
e) 先行詞既有人，又有物時。
舉例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油問題。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。
❸ 英語中的定語從句詳解、
內容很多，不能全部列舉，為什麼不自己看語法書？
說點重點的：
1. Last month,I went on a tour to Hangzhou, which is close to Shanghai.
Not:...Hangzhou, that- 逗號後的非限制性定語從句不可用 that- 引導。
2. China has built its first aircraft carrier, which indicates China is building its Navy.
Not: ...aricraft carrier, that- 非限制性從句並指代前句描述的整個情形，不用that-
3. Last Sunday I bought a new English-Chinese dictionary for which I paid 100 yuan.
Not:...dictionary for that- 不可：介詞 + that-
(But: Last...dictionary (which/ that) I paid 100 yuan for.)
介詞不提前，留在句末，可以，替代或指代「賓語」時，也可省略
4. much/ all/ anything/ nothing/ everything/ a little + that- (Not: ...+ which- )
不定代詞(something 除外） + 不可用 which-
5. ...the best/ the second +n＋that－（NOt：．．．which－）
最高級/ 序數詞 + 先行詞 + 只用 that-
6．.... sb and sth + that- (Not: sb and sth + which-)
人 + 物 （同時做先行詞）+ 只用 that-
who- vs. whom
1. I don't know the girl who's speaking with Mr. Smith at the gate of the school.
....who- 在從句中作『主語「時，不可用賓格whom-,也不可省略。
2. Look at the pretty girl (whom/who) I don't know.
指代 」賓語「時，正式的用whom-,口語中可用who-, 都可省略。
3. We went to the aged home to see the old people of whom the volunteers were taking care.
Not:...the old people of who- 介詞 + 不可跟 主格的 who-
Also, we say: We...the old people (whom/ who) the volunteers were taking care of.
但介詞不提前，留在後面，二者皆可，也都可省略，區別同上2。
❹ 英語語法 關於定語從句
1）先行詞是不定代詞或者先行詞被不定代詞所修飾時，
關系代詞通常只用回that，
不用which.
2）先行詞被序數詞、答
形容詞最高級、
the
only，
the
very，
the
last等修飾時，
關系代詞通常只用that，
不用which.
3）先行詞既有人又有物時，
關系代詞只用that，
不用which
4）
關系代詞在限定性定語從句中作表語並帶有類比含義時，
通常只用that，
不用which.
5）
句中其他位置已出現which，
為避免重復，
不用which而用that引導限定性定語從句。
❺ 英語語法 定語從句
這明顯是語法錯誤，書中例句是有問題的，因為從句完整，所以應該用關系副詞when
❻ 英語語法定語從句
1.定語從句的定義：用作定語的從句叫定語從句。
2.先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。
3.定語從句的位置：緊跟先行詞(名詞或代詞)之後。
4.引導詞：引導定語從句的詞(包括關系代詞和關系副詞)。
﹙1﹚關系代詞：that/who/whom/which/as
﹙2﹚關系副詞：when/where/why
5.引導詞的位置：位於定語從句之前(先行詞之後)。【as除外】
6.引導詞的功能(作用)：
﹙1﹚連接先行詞和定語從句。
﹙2﹚在定語從句中充當一定的成分(關系代詞充當主語或賓語，關系副詞充當狀語)。
7.定語從句的類型：
﹙1﹚限定性定語從句(主句和定語從句之間無逗號)。
①
直接由引導詞引導定語從句
The
man
who
you』re
talking
to
is
my
friend.
②
由介詞+關系代詞(whom/which)引導
The
man
to
whom
you』re
talking
is
my
friend.
I
need
a
pen
with
which
I
can
write
a
letter.
=I
need
a
piece
of
paper
on
which
I
can
write
a
letter.
介詞的選用可根據從句中的相關片語確定，該介詞通常可以放在關系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。例如：
The
man
(who/whom/that)
I
talked
about
at
the
meeting
is
from
Beijing
University.
=The
man
about
whom
I
talked
at
the
meeting
is
from
Beijing
University.
The
palace
(which/that)
I
often
pay
a
visit
to
was
built
in
the
17th
century.
=The
palace
to
which
I
often
pay
a
visit
was
built
in
the
17th
century.
﹙2﹚非限定性定語從句(主句和定語從句之間用逗號隔開)。
①
直接由引導詞引導定語從句。
②
由介詞+關系代詞(whom/which)引導。
I
live
in
a
house
far
away
from
the
city，
in
front
of
which
is
a
big
tree.
There
is
an
apple
tree
standing
at
the
gate，
on
which
are
many
apples.
This
is
the
man
to
whom
I
gave
the
book.
③
由「代詞/名詞+of+whom/which」或「of
which/
whom
+名詞/代詞」(先行詞指
人用whom，指物用which)引導。One，
some，
any，
none，
all，
both，
several，
many，
most，
neither，
either等詞、數詞、分數或百分比與of
whom或of
which連用。
He
has
five
children，
two
of
whom
are
abroad.
(比較：He
has
five
children，
and
two
of
them
are
abroad.)
We
have
three
books，
none
of
which
is/are
interesting.
(比較：We
have
three
books，
but
none
of
them
is/are
interesting.)
除why和that不能引導非限定性定語從句外，其餘引導詞都可以，用法同限定性定語從句一樣。但要注意以下區別。
1.在形式上非限定性定語從句與主句有逗號隔開。
2.非限定性定語從句的作用：它只是補充說明先行詞的情況，翻譯時可譯成兩個句子。
The
engineer，
whose
leg
was
badly
hurt，
was
quickly
sent
to
hospital.
(那位工程師被很快送往醫院，其腿部受了重傷)
The
engineer
whose
leg
was
badly
hurt
was
quickly
sent
to
hospital.
(那位腿部受了重傷的工程師被很快送往醫院)
3.在非限定性定語從句中，任何引導詞都不能省略(包括引導詞在此定語從句中充當賓語在內)。指人做主語時只能用who，
做賓語時用whom；
指物做主語，賓語都用which；
關系副詞用when或where，也不能省略。
❼ 英語語法中的定語從句的用法請講解下。
定語從句
（一）定語從句一般由關系代詞和關系副詞引導
1、關系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that, as
2、關系副詞：when, where, why
關系代詞和關系副詞必須位於從句之首，主句先行詞之後，起著連接先行詞和從句的作用，同時在從句中又充當句子成分。
e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（關系代詞who在從句中作主語）
The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在從句中作介詞with的賓語）
3、關系代詞和關系副詞的用法：1）當先行詞為人時用who 作主語，whom作賓語；2）當先行詞為物或整個句子時用which ，可作主語或賓語；3）先行詞為人、物時用that ，可作主語或賓語；4）whose用作定語，可指人或物；5）關系副詞when（指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語，where（指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語），why（指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語）。
（二）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句
1、限制性定語從句：從句與主句關系密切，去掉從句，主句意義不完整，甚至不合邏輯。
e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定語從句，意思就不完整）
2、非限制性定語從句：從句對先行詞關系不密切，去掉定從句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號隔開，不能that用引導。
e.g. Tom』s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引導非限制性定語從句，整個句子可分成兩句來翻譯）
（三）使用定語從句時特別注意的幾個問題
1、that與which的區別。
1）用that而不用 which的情況：①先行詞為不定代詞all, anything, nothing, …；②先行詞有最高級修飾，有序數詞修飾；③先行詞有only, very, any等詞修飾；④先行詞既有人又有物時。
e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 沒有什麼能阻止他不幹那件事。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他們所參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。
Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他認識的唯一的外國人。
2）用which而不用 that的情況：①引導非限制性定語從句；②代表整個主句的意思；③介詞 + 關系代詞。
e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他數學考試沒有及格，這使他的父親很生氣。
This is the room in which my father lived last year. 這是父親去年居住過的房子。
3）as引導定語從句時的用法
①as引導限制性定語從句通常用於the same … as, such … as結構中。
e.g. I want the same shirt as my friend』s. 我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我們車間使用的這種機器是中國製造的。
②as引導非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之後，用來修飾整個句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所預料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。
3）as 引導非限制性定語從句時與which的區別
①當主句和從句語義一致時，用as；反之，用which來引導非限制性定語從句。
e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.
He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
②當非限制定語從句為否定時，常用which引導。
e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn』t like at all.
2. 關系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞單數還是用復數應由先行詞決定。
e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在樓下的那個人英語說得很流利。
The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
3. 定語從句有時不直接緊靠先行詞，中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。
e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I can』t understand.
4. 引導定語從句的關系副詞有時可以用「介詞 + which」來代替。
e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the People』s Republic of China was founded.
5. 當定語從句中謂語動詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語動詞時，短語動詞的各個固定部分不要拆開。
e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.
6. 介詞在關系代詞前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介詞在句尾，關系代詞可有which, that, whom, 口語中也可用who，且可省略。
e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.
❽ 英語語法中定語從句
1 定語從句缺少先行詞，This factory is ___ the foreign visitors visited... 同時先行詞在定語從句中做visited的賓語（關系詞版可省略）權，填the one.
2 定語從句有先行詞the factory了，只缺少關系代詞，在從句中做visited的賓語，填which和that均可。
3 The factory is ____ you visited... 缺少先行詞，定語從句卻賓語，填the one.
——————————————————————————
The day he has looked forward to _____at last.
請注意he has looked forward to是定語從句，先行詞是the day，在定語從句中做賓語(關系詞被省略)，即
（他盼望的）那天，來了。
The day (that he has looked forward to) came at last.句子的主幹是The day came at last.
懂了嗎？
❾ 英語語法 定語從句
這些你還是自己看抄書吧，平時認真聽課。這里和你講也會很復雜的
定語從句大類分成限制性和非限制性。
其中限制性定語從句中又有對事物的修飾，對人的修飾以及對人和物共同的修飾。
如果事物作為修行詞且沒有序數詞，最高級的情況下，用that
或
which
，如果做狀語，則要用when，where或in
which
如果先行詞是一個原因，用why或者for
which
如果先行詞是一個人，用who
如果先行詞是不定代詞，序數詞，最高級，關聯詞只能用that
如果先行詞在定語從句中做賓語成分，關聯詞可以不需要。