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英語的所有語法知識

發布時間:2021-02-11 03:00:38

❶ 一些英語的語法知識,快!!!

網路 中考語法完全突破 記憶大綱
第一講:名詞
一、名詞的分類
名詞 專有名詞
普通名詞 可數名詞 個體名詞
集體名詞
不可數名詞 物質名詞
抽象名詞
1. 專有名詞
表示人物、地方、國家、組織、機構等專有名稱的詞。
如: Tom, China, Qing University, the Great Wall
特性:
① 與其所表示的事物一一對應。
② 實詞的首字母要大寫。

2. 普通名詞
泛指一類人或事物的名稱的詞。
如: student, girl, money
分類:可數名詞和不可數名詞
可數名詞:可以直接用數字計數的詞。 如: boy, girl
不可數名詞:不能直接用數字計數的詞。 如: water, money, bread
可數名詞包括:個體名詞和集體名詞
個體名詞:表示單個的人或事物的名稱的詞。
如: book, actor
集體名詞:表示由若幹人或事物組成的集合體的名稱的詞。
如:family, class
不可數名詞包括:物質名詞和抽像名詞
物質名詞:表示構成世上萬物的物質或材料名稱的詞。
如: water, wood, paper, air
抽像名詞:表示性質、行為、狀態、情感等抽像概念名稱的詞。
如:fun, happiness, health, weather, news
二.名詞的數
1. 規則名詞復數的構成。
(1) 一般情況下直接加-s。在清輔音後讀/s/,在母音和濁輔音後讀//。
如:cooks, pens, boys
(2) 以s, x, sh, ch結尾的名詞,直接加-es,讀//。
如:buses, boxes, inches(英寸)
(3) 以輔音字母+y結尾的名詞,y變成i,再加es,讀/z/。
如:lady-ladies, story-stories
注意:以母音字母+y結尾的詞,直接加s。
如:boy-boys
(4) 以o結尾的名詞。
①一般直接加s讀/z/。
如: radio-radios, photo-photos, zoo-zoos, piano-pianos
② 少數加es, 讀/z/。
如:hero-heroes, negro-negroes , tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes
③ 兩種情況均可。
如:zero-zeros/zeroes
(5) 以f/fe結尾的詞。
① 一般將f/fe變為v,再加es,讀/vz/。
如:wife, knife, wolf, thief, shelf, self, life, half, leaf
妻子(wife)持刀去宰狼(wolf),
小偷(thief)嚇得發了慌;
躲在架(shelf)後保己(self)命(life),
半(half)片樹葉(leaf)遮目光。
② 有些直接加s,讀/s/。
如:roof(房頂)-roofs, belief(信仰)-beliefs, safe(保險箱)-safes
③ 個別有兩種形式。
如:handkerchief(手帕)-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves
(6) 字母、符號、數字等復數的構成通常在其後加』s。
如:There are two t』s in teeth.在teeth這個單詞里有兩個t。
There are three 8』s in this number. 在這個數字里有3個8。
2. 不規則名詞復數的構成。
(1) 變內部母音。
如: man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth
(2) 單復數同形。
如:fish, sheep, deer, Chinese, jin(斤), yuan(元)
(3) 無規則變化。
如:mouse-mice, child-children
3.復合名詞復數的構成
(1) 有中心詞(主要名詞)時,通常將中心詞變為復數。
如:story-teller→story-tellers mother-in-law(岳母)→ mothers-in-law
passer-by→passers-by looker-on→lookers-on
(2) 沒有(主要)名詞時,在詞尾加s。
如: grown-up →grown-ups go-between(中間人) →go-betweens
(3)由man/woman加其他名詞構成的復合名詞變復數時前後都變。
如:man driver-men drivers, woman writer-women writers
注意:boy/girl student - boy/girl students, German-Germans
(4)表示「某國人」的名詞的單、復數變化。
「中日瑞不變英法變,其它國把-s加後面」。
如:
Chinese---Chinese Japanese--Japanese Swiss---Swiss
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
American---Americans Australian---Australians Canadian---Canadians
Korean---Koreans Russian---Russians Indian---Indians

三、名詞所有格
名詞所有格表示所有關系。
如: Tom』s cat
分類: 』s所有格,of所有格和雙重所有格
1. 』s所有格
(1) 』s所有格的構成
通常在名詞後加』s,如果詞尾已有s,則直接加』。
如:the girl』s books那個女孩的書
the boys』 books那些男孩子們的書
(2)』s所有格的運用
① 多用於表示有生命的人或動物的名詞。
如:Jim』s bike, Mary』s skirt
② 也可用於表示時間、空間、距離、價格、重量等無生命的名詞。
如: the city』s history, three days』 time, the book』s author, today』s newspaper
比較:
Mary and Jean』s room 兩人共有的房間
Mary』s and Jean』s rooms兩人各自的房間
(3) 』s所有格後名詞的省略
① 前面出現的名詞,可以省略。
如:This MP5 is Mary』s.
② 其後的名詞表示某人的家、辦公場所時可以省略。
如:He stayed at John』s last night.
The boy went to the barber』s.
2. of所有格的運用
① 主要用於無生命的名詞。
如:the leg of the table, the top of the mountain
② 也可用於表示人或動物的名詞。
如: the pride of her family the daughter of a policeman
3. 』s所有格和of所有格的比較
① 兩者很多情況下可以通用。
如:the film』s end=the end of the film
the young people』s ecation =the ecation of the young people
② 表示類別屬性時通常用』s。
如: women』s clothes children』s books
③ 名詞以「the+形容詞/分詞」的形式出現時,通常用of所有格。
如:
the problem of the young年青人的問題;the children of the killed被殺害者的孩子
3. 雙重所有格
雙重所有格是』s所有格和of所有格的結合,通常表示「許多中的一個或一部分」。
如: a friend of Mary』s some books of our teacher』s
四.不可數名詞的量化表達
不可數名詞不能直接用數字計數,表示不可數名詞的量常用以下三種方法:
(1)用some, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等來表示。
如:
much water;a lot of money; a little milk;plenty of rice; some orange juice
(2). 用容器來表示。
如:
a cup of coffee, two pots of water, ten bags of rice, six boxes of ink
(3)用計量單位來表示。
如:
a loaf/slice of bread(一塊/片麵包), a grain of rice, a piece of paper
五.名詞的語法功能
1. 作主語 如:A teacher must be patient.
2. 作賓語 如:I like English.
3. 作表語 如:He is a student.
4. 作定語 如:These are apple trees.
5. 作賓補 如:We call him Tom.
名詞作定語的注意事項:
(1)名詞作定語時通常用單數
如: shoe factory, flower shop
(2) 「數詞-名詞」結構作定語時,名詞也要用單數。
如:an eight-hour sleep
a nine-year-old girl
(3) 少數名詞習慣上用復數。
如:sports car, parents meeting

❷ 英語所有語法知識

可以在搜索引擎中搜索「英語語法網」,那裡有很豐富的語法內容。

❸ 請誰幫我講一下英語的所有語法知識

網路英語語法回!答http://ke..com/link?url=_Gq-2Fdb_xQ5viA-NZbE-m3iLby5-rVH

❹ 英語方面的語法知識~

跟老師請教一下,整理一下筆記,這個主要靠平時積累和練習。而且考的多為書本上的要點。

名 詞
在中考單項選擇試題中,除了時態,名詞的考查頻率也較高。一般考查以下幾點:
一、 可數名詞與不可數名詞
在可數名詞與不可數名詞上一般出現這樣幾類,(1)分辨是哪一類名詞,並根據結論做選擇。(2)可數名詞復數的不規則變化。(3)不可數名詞的量化表達。所以,考生首先要能夠明確哪些是可數名詞,哪些是不可數名詞。其次,還要知道可數名詞的復數的變化規則。可數名詞的變化規則一般是在單詞後面加-s 或-es,如:
1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos
hat---hats bag---bags photo---photos
2bus---buses box---boxes
watch---watches brush---brushes
3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes
hero---heroes Negro---Negroes
4 leaf---leaves knife---knives
5baby---babies family---families
另外,還要記住一些特殊的名詞的變化形式,如:
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
Russian---Russians American---Americans
German --- Germans
child---children foot---feet
man---men woman---women
tooth---teeth goose --- geese
deer---deer sheep---sheep
還要掌握不可數名詞的量化表達有: a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of
另外,大家應注意:單數集合名詞作主語時謂語動詞「數的」變化:單數集合名詞如class, police, family, school, group, team等。盡管形式上是單數,意義上都是復數,因此,一般要與復數謂語動詞連用,例如:
Class Five have a foreign friend.
五班有一位外國朋友。(這里的五班指五班的同學的。)
His family are good to me. 他的家人對我很好。(很顯然,這里的family指家庭成員。)當上述集合名詞著重指「整體」時, 意義上則是單數,因此,要與單數謂語動詞連用。例如,
Our school team often plays well in our city.
我們的校隊經常在我們市踢得很好。(這里的team 指整個隊,但意義上仍為單數,故謂語動詞用plays.
二、 名詞所有格
名詞所有格有兩種形式:一是加』s,一種是用of來表示。一般情況下,指某人的某物用』s表示,而指某物的什麼用of 短語來表示。另外,要注意凡是以s結尾的名詞或規則名詞的復數,不能直接加』s,而應該加-』即可。例如,boys』 clothes girls』 dresses。 不過,注意例外情況,例如, the boss』s handwriting,其中the boss』s 的-』s不可省略。因為在英語中,如果以-s 或-ss 結尾的名詞不是復數復數形式,那麼其名詞所有格仍加-『s。那麼你會說「瓊斯的小汽車」嗎?對,Jones』s car。
下面我們來做一部分習題。
1. June 1st is ___ Day.
A. Child』s B. Childs』 C. Childrens』 D. Children』s
答案:D
2. I need ___ paper, Mum. I want to write ___ letter to my English teacher.
A. any, some B. some, a C. a, some D. some,any
答案:B
3. There are two ___ and three ___ on the table.
A. knifes, forks B. knifes, fork C. knives, forkes D. knives, forks
答案:D
4. We have got a lot of___ today.
A. newspaper to read B. homework to do C. homeworks to do
D. book to read
答案:B
5. We could see __ children and hear ___ noise in the park.
A. many, many B. much, much C. many, much D. much, many
答案:C
6. Will you pass me ___?
A. a few pieces of chalk B. a few chalks C. a few of chalks
D. some chalks
答案:A
7. ___ has been invited to the dancing party.
A. A friend of her B. A friend of hers C. Friends of hers
D. Friends of her
答案:B
下面請大家自己練習一下。
1. September 10th is ___ Day.
A. the Teacher B. Teachers』 C. Teacher D. Teacher』s
答案:B
2. ---Can I help you, sir?
---I』d like to have 100___. I want the students to draw pictures on them.
A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. papers D. paper
答案:B
3. ---Would you like ___ milk, please?
---No, thank you. I still have some.
A. some more B. an C. a little of D. all
答案:A
4. ___ the old woman is in!
A. What good health B. How a good health C. What a good health D. How good health
答案:A
① What + a(n) + 形容詞 + 單數名詞 + 主語 + 謂語!
② What + 形容詞 + 復數名詞 + 主語 + 謂語!
③ What + 形容詞 + 不可數名詞 + 主語 + 謂語!
④ How + 形容詞/副詞 + 主語 + 謂語!
⑤ How + 形容詞 + a(n) + 名詞 + 主語 + 謂語!
⑥ How + 主語 + 謂語!
5. I』m going to help ___ with ___ English.
A. a friend of Nancy, hers B. a friend of Nancy』s, her
C. a friend of Nancy』s, hers D. a friend of Nancy, her
答案:B
6. The two desks here are ___. You may use the desk over there.
A. Mary and Jane B. Marys and Janes C. Mary and Jane』s
D. Mary』s and Jane』s
答案:D

形容詞和副詞
在中考單項選擇中形容詞也佔一定比例,一般考查有關形容詞或副詞的一些搭配,但絕大部分考查形容詞與副詞的比較級和最高級。
一、 形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級
①一般的比較級和最高級在形容詞或副詞後加-er或-est,如:small --- smaller --- smallest
② 以不發音-e結尾的形容詞或副詞直接加 –r或 –st,如
large --- largest --- largest
③ 重讀閉音節詞尾是一個輔音字母的,需雙寫該輔音字母,再加-er或-est。
④ 以輔音字母加 y 結尾的形容詞和副詞,把「y」變「i」,再加 –er或-est.
busy---busier---busiest
happy---happier---happiest
但一些雙音節及多音節形容詞或副詞前要加more和most,如:
slowly --- more slowly --- most slowly
difficult---more difficult---most difficult
beautiful---more beautiful---most beautiful
但還有一些不規則的變化:
good / well---better---best
many---more---most
bad / ill / badly ---worse---worst
little---less---least
far --- farther / further --- farther / furthest
二、 形容詞和副詞的等比句型
①as…as… 和……一樣
I』m as tall as you.
② not as(so)…as 不和…… 一樣(在否定句中常用so 來代替as)如,
I can』t run so fast as you.
另外as…as possible 為固定結構,如,as soon as possible, as quickly as possible 等。
在以上兩個句型中形容詞或副詞一定要用原級。
三、形容詞和副詞的其它句型還有:
① 形容詞/ 副詞 比較級 + than 句型 ,在than 後面的人稱代詞 用主語和賓語均可。
He is older than I / me.
但是如果人稱代詞後有動詞時,則只能用主格形式。如,
Tom found more red leaves than I did.
② 「the + 比較級, the + 比較級」 結構表示兩個變化一起發生。如, The more you learn, the more you』ll know.
③ 「more and more」結構(指兩個形容詞比較級用and 連接)表示持續不斷的變化。 如: I』m getting thinner and thinner.
四、修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級的副詞要用much, a lot, a little, a bit, far等,very不能和比較級連用。如:
The blouse I bought yesterday is a little less expensive.
昨天我買的襯衣比較便宜。
To play basketball is far more enjoyable to the boy.
打籃球對於男孩子來說要有趣得多。
五、形容詞的一些搭配,如:
be glad / happy/ pleased to do 很高興做某事
be sorry to do 很抱歉,很遺憾做某事
be sure to do 一定/相信會做某事
be ready to do 准備好做某事,樂於做某事
get ready to do 為……做好准備 等等。
下面我們來看一些例題。
1. The Yellow River is one of ___ in China.
A. the longest rivers B. the longer river C. the longest river
D. the long river
答案:A
2. Does he speak Chinese ___ his brother?
A. as better as B. as good as C. as well as D. best than
答案:C
3. Which shirt do you like ___, the white one or the blue one?
A. better B. good C. best D. much
答案:A
4. I don』t feel ___ to go to work today. I』m ill.
A. good enough B. well enough C. enough well D. enough good
答案:B
5. Mary would like to spend ___ days on her research.
A. a little more B. a little C. a few more D. much more
答案:C
下面請大家自己做以下練習。
1. Be quiet, class! I have ___ to tell you.
A. important anything B. important something
C. anything important D. something important
答案:D
2. This picture book is not ___ that one.
A. so interesting as B. so interesting than C. as interesting than
D. interesting as
答案:A
3. This article is ___ than that one.
A. much easier B. more easier c. much more easier D. more easy
答案:A
4. The Changjiang River is ___ river in China.
A. long B. longest C. the longest D. longer
答案:C
5. You must keep your room ___ and tidy.
A. to clean B. cleaning C. clean D. cleaned
答案:C

上面我們已經講了動詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞的用法。

中考中當然也會涉及到其他諸如代詞、數詞、介詞、和連詞等的用法。
下面我就簡單提醒大家每類詞需注意的地方。

1. 代詞
同學們需掌握以下不定代詞:
all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no以及由some, any, no, every構成的合成詞如 nobody等,並注意不定代詞的定語後置,如something English
2. 數詞
同學們需要記住一些特殊拼寫的序數詞。
如:第1--- first 第2--- second 第3--- third 第5--- fifth 第9--- ninth
第12--- twelfth 第20--- twentieth
另外需要記住以下短語:
hundreds of 數以百計
thousands of 數以千計
tens of thousands of 數以萬計
several millions of好幾百萬
但表示確切的百或千時不能用復數形式,如:
ten thousand
three million
3. 介詞的考察內容主要是介詞短語,特別是那些有固定搭配和固定用法的介詞短語。這類短語比較多,這里我不再一一贅述,大家可以看《初中英語復習指導》第204頁至208頁上的片語。但我要特別提幾個以前舊教材所沒有的短語,請大家注意。
如, speak highly of高度贊揚
regard… as …視為,把……看做……
make a contribution to doing sth 為……做貢獻
4. 連詞
同學們需要特別記憶以下連詞或連詞短語:
neither…nor…
either…or…
not only…but also…
both…and…
前三個短語引導主語時,謂語動詞需遵循就近原則。
如, Neither you nor I am right. 你和我都不正確。
Either Lucy or Lily is going there. 不是Lucy就是Lily要去那兒。
那麼both…and…連接主語時,謂語動詞要用復數形式。
如, Both Lucy and Lily are going there.
句子的種類

1.應特別注意掌握的簡單句
有介詞的特殊疑問句
在特殊問句中,作為介詞賓語的疑問代詞可以與介詞分離,放在句首,而把介詞放在句尾。如,
Whom do you travel with?
當然,也可以把介詞放在句首。總之,不要把介詞丟掉。
有插入語的特殊疑問句
在特殊問句中,經常可以看到這樣的句子:
Where do you think they may go?
其中,do you think 是疑問式插入語,其餘部分是think的賓語從句。注意,疑問式插入語同句子的其餘部分不用逗號分開。疑問式插入語還有do you hope, do you guess 等。
在肯定句中也有插入語。如:
That man, I guess, is neither a policeman nor a soldier.
在肯定句的插入語要用逗號與句子的其他部分分開。去掉插入語,該句子仍然是個完整的句子。
You』d better (not)… (do sth.) 這個說法常用於提出「勸告,建議,告戒」。 比較委婉的有禮貌的說法是 Would you like …? 或 What about (doing)…?。 如,
It』s too dark. You』d better leave at once.
I』m afraid (that) …
I』m afraid (that) I can』t go with you today.
常用來委婉地表示自己的看法或預料一件令人不悅的事情。
2.並列句
並列句的考查重點是並列連詞。並列連詞有and, or, but, both… and, neither… nor, either… or, not only… but also…等。
3.復合句
復合句考查的主要內容是賓語從句、狀語從句和定語從句。
① 賓語從句
賓語從句的考查要點是:時態的呼應、人稱的一致、詞序等。
A.賓語從句的連接詞:
賓語從句本身是敘述句是,用that 引導。
He said (that) he would leave on March 12 next weeek.
賓語從句本身是特殊疑問句時,用疑問詞引導。
Do you know where we can find our teacher?
賓語從句本身是一般疑問句時,用if 或whether引導。
I don』t know if / whether he has done that.
B. 賓語從句與主句時態的呼應。
主句謂語是現在時和將來時的時候,賓語從句的動詞時態不受影響。如,It is said that the panda was sent to America last month.
主句是過去時態,從句謂語要做適當調整:
a) 由現在時調整為過去時。
I didn』t know you were also here.
b) 由將來時調整為過去將來時
He said that he would go to Beijing the next week.
c) 過去時態多數不受影響,但「一般過去時」常調整為「過去完成時」,尤其是從句中有before, since 一類的時間狀語時,多調整為「過去完成時」如:
She said she had worked at this school before her father came to this city.
② 狀語從句。
狀語從句有時間狀語從句(常由when, while, before, after, until, as soon as等詞引導)、地點狀語從句(常有where 引導)、原因狀語從句(常有because, since, as 引導,這三詞所表達的語氣由because到as逐漸減弱,由why提出的問題必須用because 來回答), 條件狀語從句(常由if引導)、結果狀語從句(常由such … that…, so…that…, so that等引導 )、讓步狀語從句(常由though, although引導)。
③另外,今年新加了一個定語從句,其考查內容主要是正確使用關系代詞{who(指人)、that(指人或物)、which(指物)} , etc. 定語從句一般緊跟在修飾詞的後面,如:
She is the person who I want to see. 她就是我想見到的人。
有時,為了使句子平衡,也可把定語從句與所修飾詞分開。同學們還記得這樣一句話嗎?Then a screen came up that read, 「Congratulations!」 這是第三冊第54課中的一個句子。
下面我們來看一些例子:
1. The traveller was ___ tired that she couldn』t walk on.
A. so B. very C. too D. quite
答案:A
2. Do you know ___ ten years ago?
A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where did he live
D. where he lived
答案:D
3. He didn』t go home ___ he finished the work.
A. since B. if C. because D. until
答案:D
4. I was reading the newspaper ___ I heard a loud shout outside.
A. while B. when C. though D. as
答案:B
5. I don』t know the man ___ is cleaning the door.
A. that B. where C. what D. who
答案:D
好,接下來大家自己做以下練習。
1. I didn』t remember ___ the woman before.
A. where I had seen B. where I have seen C. where had I seen
D. where have I seen
答案:A
2. It was raining heavily ___ we got to Paris.
A. while B. if C. when D. because
答案:C
3. The plane hasn』t arrived. Can you tell me ___?
A. what time is the plane late B. why is the plane late
C. why the plane is late D. what time the plane is late
答案:C
4. I don』t know if ___tomorrow?
A. it doesn』t rain B. the rain will stops C. the rains won』t stop
D. it won』t rain
答案:D

❺ 語法梳理全部英語

《高中英語語法通霸》對英語知識的梳理很到位。網上能下載電子文檔。學英語就要下決心把英語學好,一點一點地學,還要反復復習。如果只為應付作業那就沒意義了,

有語言學家說過:「語言是語法化的詞彙。」也就是說,語言是按照語法規則組織起來的詞彙。一句話表達得是否正確,主要是看它是否符合語法規則;任何一個錯句,都能從語法上找到原因。因此,學好語法是學好一門語言的基礎。
在當前的英語教學中,上面倡導要淡化語法教學,要重視學生綜合應用能力的培養。實施這么多年來,老師們普遍感到學生准確應用英語的能力下降了很多,特別是「寫」的能力。大部分學生寫的英語作文「慘不忍睹」。這實際上是淡化語法教學所產生的嚴重後果。
學習母語不學語法只要「浸泡」得多就能學好,但在我國英語畢竟是一門外語,連第二語言都不是,只靠「浸泡」而不通過學習語法知識來幫助理清規律,至少對於相當多的學生是不適用的。一些沒有學好語法的學生去美國上學,他們整天「浸泡」在英語環境中,「聽」、「說」的能力提高了不少,但很多人「寫」的能力卻鮮有提高。
語法差的學生,總是感到自己的英語一塌糊塗。許多學生英語從「差」中逆轉過來,就是從學好語法開始的。只有學好了語法,才能寫出語法正確、句式靈活的句子來;只有學好了語法,才能讀懂文章中的長難句;只有學好了語法,才能快速提高自己的「聽」、「說」能力。語法是什麼?語法是幫助你解決「寫」、「讀」、「說」、「聽」中遇到的困難的知識的總稱,語法是指導你正確使用英語的精華知識。
但現在許多人都害怕英語語法。一方面是因為現在盛行的教學理論在作怪,學校教學過於淡化語法教學,過於強調語言的「習得」,導致學生的語法基礎較差。另一方面,是因為沒有合適的語法資料。教材上的語法講解,「千呼萬喚始出來,猶抱琵琶半遮面」,總是放不下架子,就是講一點,其深度比考試的難度要低得多,根本靠不住。書店裡的語法資料,一類是語法大家們編的,旨在解釋一些語法現象,本來就不是給高中學生看的,有些知識學生看了沒有用,有些知識學生根本看不懂。再一類就是一些名校編的資料,由於編寫有時間有限、稿酬是按編的頁數給的,這類資料大部分粗製濫造,總是先籠統地講解一下,再弄點題一湊就好了。結果是,考點沒講清,練習針對性又不強,學生前學後忘,印象不深。
本書由有二十多年教學經驗的一線教師所編,原是編者在平時教學備課中精細編寫的教學講義,經過多年修改完善,日臻系統、成熟。發到網上後,成為熱門資料,在熱心讀者的推薦下,獲得出版社的正式出版。在編排上,本書有以下特點:
一、針對性強。在編寫時,用的是「歸納」法。先下載近十幾年的高考真題,按考點逐題歸類,歸類時特別注意了學生學習過程中的難點和易混點。最後再在需要的地方加上必要的講解,因此重點、難點突出,詳略得當,針對性強。
二、選題經典。書中絕大部分練習題都是經過精挑細選的高考真題。在選擇練習題時,主要是從其典型性、思維容量和所含語言點是否豐富,寫作是否能用,裡面是否含有完形填空可能出的詞等多個方面考慮。因此也有相當多的題是保留了十幾年前的題而舍棄了近幾年的高考題。
三、題量科學。我們發現,針對每個考點的練習量如果過大的話,效果也不好。練習量少的話,譬如兩三個,我們就可以輕松自如地在腦中翻動、回味這些題,效果反而更好。因此,就忍痛刪去了許多來之不易的好題。
四、重視習題排序。有人說,像這樣把同類型的題編排在一起,學生容易猜到答案,而不去思考。於是我們就做了一個實驗,我們把不同類型的題混在一起,但再看時,發覺做後效果反而不好了,做後印象不深、規律在腦中不清晰。然後又把題按類型編排,同類型的題列在一起,再看一下,感覺真好!學知識同如向某個空間放東西一樣,有條理了就好放也好找,雜亂了就不好放,用時也不容易找到。科學家對大腦的研究也表明,信息在腦中存放、排列是有規律的。
五、考點目錄化。本書編了詳細的目錄,分為「章」、「講」和「考點」三個級別。老師想講解某個知識點或者學生想查看某個知識點的講解時,可以藉助目錄輕松找到。
六、練習題型多樣化,適用於多個題型的備考。本書每一節分為兩部分。「考點精講精練」先按考點進行簡明講解,然後以單選題的形式強化所學考點知識。「綜合技能提升」以單句改錯、語法填空、漢譯英三種形式對所學的重點語法知識再進一步鞏固。這部分的練習題,大部分來自高考真題,但又不拘泥於高考真題,可以從根本上來提高學生做短文改錯、語法填空、書面表達的能力。「長難句分析技巧」一章介紹的「七字秘訣」是破解長難句的鑰匙,有利於提高學生的閱讀能力。
本書的這種編排,適合全國各省考生的使用。學生一看就懂,一做就會,有效地解決了語法學習中費時低效的問題。老師利用這本資料,可以使語法課不再空洞乏味。學生利用這本書,可以使語法學習變得有趣高效,優生可以利用此書來鞏固自己的學科優勢,待優生可以利用此書來實現英語上的徹底逆轉。
本書使用方法:
與其看好多書,前看後忘,還不如反復把一本書看熟。因此,在心中要樹立「我要把這本書上所有的題都做熟」這個目標,要有「只要把這本書學好,我的語法就是最棒的」這種信念。本書的使用方法:認真做、反復看。
做:如果時間允許的話,可以從前到後按順序全做;如果時間不允許的話,可以挑自己不太懂的專題或重點專題有針對性地做。
查:在做別的資料上的練習遇到難題時,可以藉助本書前面的目錄方便地找到相應的考點,裡面有講解、有針對性的練習,從而有效地解決學生遇到的問題。
讀:還有同學花費大量時間來「讀」這本書,效果也非常好。「讀」並不是死記硬背,因為「讀」可以使「看題」的速度慢下來,從而可以使學生有更多的時間去思考、去理解掌握語法規律。本書所選習題大都語言點豐富,讀熟後對提高寫作能力和做完形能力的幫助也很大。
使用此書的注意事項:
速度要慢:要讀完每個選項,既要知道為什麼要選這個,也要知道為什麼不選那幾個。
標記難題:對做錯的題或一些好題,要做上標記,以便隨後復習。
及時復習:對標記過的題,還有用粉紅底紋標記出的概念及要點,都要及時復習,這樣才能提高學習效率;要反復復習,這樣才能確保學習效果。
要「有效」學習:一章完全學會弄熟後再學下一章,這樣才有成就感。學習最忌諱半生不熟,前學後忘。

❻ 英語語法知識

英語介詞全攻略

(一)、ABOUT

1.動詞+about+sth.。about在此表示「論及,談起,涉及,著手」等意思:
arrange about安排,argue about辯論, ask about詢問,bring about帶來,chat about閑聊,care about在意,complain about報怨,go about著手,hear about聽說, inquire about打聽,know about了解, quarrel about爭論,read about讀到, see about負責處理,set about開始, speak about談起, talk about談論, think about考慮, trouble about擔心,tell about講述,worry about著急。現舉例說明其中一些短語的用法:

She inquired about my brother. 她向我打聽有關我兄弟的情況。

I must set about my packing. 我必須開始收拾行裝。

What are you chatting about 你們在聊什麼呢?

2. be +形容詞+about+sth.。about在此意思是「為…,對…」,接表原因的詞:
be anxious about為…著急, be bad about對…感到不舒服,be busy about忙於…,
be careful about小心…, be certain about對…有把握, be concerned about關心…, be crazy about為…發狂,be excited about為…感到激動, be happy about為…而高興, be mad about為…發瘋,be nervous about對…感到緊張, be particular about挑剔…, be pleased about為…興奮,be strict about對…嚴格,be thoughtful about對…考慮周到的,be uneasy about為…感受到不安。請看例句:

What have you been busy about today 今天在忙些什麼?

You are certainly very thoughtful about others. 你為別人想得太周到了。

I』m strict about such things. 對這些事我是很嚴格的。

註:come about發生,get about(疾病、謠言)流行,turn about轉身,leave about到處亂放,lie about隨便堆放,put about打擾;傳播,put oneself about使…發愁。這些片語中about作副詞,此時about不能接賓語。

(二)、AFTER

1.動詞+ after。介詞after有「追趕,問候,效仿」之意:ask after問候, be

after尋求,
do(sth.)after學著做,go after設法得到, inquire after問候, look after尋找,
run after追求, seek after追逐, take after長得像。例如:

Every afternoon he called to ask after his girl friend.
他每天下午都打電話問候他的女朋友。

The boy takes after his father. 這男孩長得像他父親。

The dogs went after the wounded deer. 一群狗在追趕那隻受傷的鹿。

2.after構成的其它短語。after在不同的短語中意思各異:
after a littlemomentwhile過了一會,after all畢竟,after dark天黑以後,
after one』s heart合…的心, after school放學後, after service售後服務,
after the fashion勉強, day after day日復一日,
one after another一個接一個,year after year年復一年。例如:

Don』t be too strict with him. After all he is still a child.
不要太苛刻了,畢竟他還是個孩子。

He can speak and write English after a fashion.
他多少會說和寫一點英語,但不太好。

(三)、AT

1.動詞+ at。at表示「指向某一目標,到達某地」:arrive at抵達,
call at訪問某地, catch at(it)當場抓住, come at攻擊, fire at向…開火,
glance at瞟一眼, glare at怒目而視, grieve at憂傷,knock at敲,
laugh at嘲笑, look at看一眼, pull at拉扯, rejoice at對…高興,
smile at向某人微笑, shoot at朝…射擊, stare at怒目而視,
thrust at刺向, tear at撕, tremble at顫抖,wonder at吃驚,work at工作。例如:

Don』t let me catch you again at it.不要再讓我當場逮住你。

We must 「shoot the arrow at the target」. 我們必須有的放矢。

They trembled at the sight of the peasant』s spears.
看到農民的梭標,他們陣陣發抖。

2. be +形容詞過去分詞+ at。其中at表示「情緒、情感的原因,
或對某物具有某種感情」:be angry at惱怒於, be alarmed at對…保持警覺,
be astonished at對…吃驚, be bad at不擅長, be clever at對某事很靈巧,
be delighted at高興,be disgusted at厭惡, be disappointed at對…失望,
be good at擅長, be impatient at對…不夠耐心, be mad at狂熱於,
be pleased at對…感到高興, be present at出席, be satisfied at滿意,
be surprised at吃驚, be shocked at對…非常震驚,be terrified at受到…的恐
嚇, be quick at對…很機敏。例如:

They were overjoyed at his return to work. 他們對他重返工作感到欣喜。

They are alarmed at the growth of the liberation movement in the colonies.
他們對殖民地日益壯大的解放運動警覺起來。

3.at+名詞構成的片語:at a distance在一定距離,at a loss不知所措,
at a time一次,at all一點也不,at any cost不惜一切代價,at best最好也只是,
at first起初,at hand手頭,at heart在內心裡,at home在家;
無拘束,at last最後,at least至少,at most最多,at once馬上,at present目前,
at sea不知所措,at times有時,at will任意地,at work起作用,at worst最壞。

4.其它含有at的短語:work hard at勤奮工作,drop in at順路拜訪。

(四)、FOR

1.動詞+for

a)動詞+for。for表原因、目的:account for解釋;說明, answer for對…負責, apply for申請;請求, apologize for為…而道歉, beg for請求, call for要求, care for在意, enter for報名參加, fight for為…而戰, hope for希望, inquire for查詢;求見, leave for離開某地到另一地, look for尋找, long for盼望, mistake for誤認為, plan for計劃做某事, prepare for為…作準備, provide for為…提供, reach for伸手去拿, run for競選, stand for象徵, search for搜尋, send for派人去請, speak for陳述意見、願望, take for當作, wish for希望, wait for等待。例如:

His illness accounts for his absence. 他因病缺席。

The baby reached for the apple but couldn』t reach it.
那嬰兒伸手去蘋果,但夠不著。

He who would search for pearls must dive below.
要想找到珍珠,必須潛到海底。

b)動詞+sb.+ for +sth.。for表示原因或目的:ask for要求得到,
blame for因…責備, excuse for寬恕, forgive for諒解, pardon for原諒,
pay for花錢買, praise for稱贊, punish for對…進行懲罰,
push for催逼,reward for酬謝, thank for對…表示謝意。例如:

Please excuse me for my being late. 請原諒我的遲到。

Forgive me for my keeping you waiting. 請見諒,讓你久等了。

2. be +形容詞+for。for表作用、目的、對人或物有某種情緒等:
be anxious for急於做, be eager for渴望, be bad for有害於,
be convenient for便於, be good for利於, be famous for以…出名,
be fit for適合於, be grateful for對…心存感激, be impatient for對…不耐煩,
be late for遲到, be necessary for有必要, be ready for作好准備,
be sorry for為…而後悔, be responsible for對…負責,
be suitable for適合於, be unfit for不適合, be useful for對…有作用。例如:

He is eager for success. 他渴望成功。

The government is responsible for the nation』s welfare.
政府負責民眾的福利。

3.for+名詞構成的片語:for all盡管,for a song非常便宜地,
for certain確切地,for company陪著,for ever永遠,for example例如,for fear以免,for fair肯定地,for free免費,for fun為了好玩,
for good永遠,for instance比方,for luck祝福,for life終身,for long長久,for nothing白白地,for once有生第一次,for oneself替自己,
for pleasure為了消遣,for reason因為…理由,for sale供出售,
for shame真不害臊,for short簡稱,for sport好玩,for sure確切地。

4.動詞+副詞名詞+for構成的短語:be in for將遇到,make up for彌補,go in for從事,l o ok out for提防,take sth. for granted把…當作理所當然, have an ear for音感好, have a gift for有某方面的天賦。

(五)、FROM
1.動詞+from
a)動詞+ from。from表示「來源、原因、起始」等:come from來自,
date from追溯, depart from違背, die from死於, escape from逃出,
fall from自…跌落, hang from垂掛, hear from收到來信,
learn from向某人學習, return from自某地返回,
rise from自…冒出, result from起因於, suffer from忍受。例如:
All the characters in the book are drawn from real life.
書中所有的人物都來自於真實的生活。

Any damage resulting from negligence must be paid for by the borrower.
因疏忽引起的任何損壞都應由借用者負責賠償。

He has recovered from his surprise. 他好不容易回過神來。

b)動詞+ sth.sb. +from + sth. sb. a place。from表示「來源、免於」等:
borrow from向…借, choose from選自, excuse from免除, keep from阻止做,
prevent from不準做, protect from不受…之害, receive from收到,
remove from移動;除去, save from保全;拯救, separate from分離開來, stop

from阻止。例如:

He was excused from attendance at the lecture. 他獲准可不去聽課。

Stop the child from spoiling the book. 不要讓孩子弄壞了書。

2. be +形容詞+ from。此時from含義眾多:be absent from缺席,
be different from與眾不同, be far from更不用說, be hidden from躲避,
be made from用…製成, be tired from因…而疲倦。例如:

The boy can』t walk and is far from running.那男孩不會走路,更不用說跑了。

3.from…to…。本短語表示從一種狀態到另一狀態的變化或從…到…:
from bad to worse每況愈下,from beginning to end自始至終,
from cover to cover從頭到尾,from China to Peru到處,
from day to day一天一天地,from door to door挨家挨戶,
from end to end從頭至尾,from first to last自始至終,
from hand to mouth勉強糊口,from head to foot從頭到腳,
from mouth to mouth廣泛流傳,from sun to sun從日出到日落,
from start to finish從頭開始,from top to toe從頭到腳,
from time to time不時地,from top to bottom徹底地。

二.按概數的構成分類

1.以容器量化的方式表達概數: a bag of, two baskets of,
a mouthful of, a plate of, a pot of, a mug of, a pack of ( 一包 ),
a pail of( 一桶 ),a bowl of, a basin of, three cups of

We bought three bags of groceries.我們買了三袋食品。

They ate a basket of plums.他們吃了一籃李子。

If there』s only a mouthful of food left in the bowl,
I will give it to you.如果有我一口飯,我都讓給你。

On the table was a plate of beef and vegetables.
桌上有一盤牛肉和青菜。

Father is a heavy smoker. He smoked a pack of cigarettes a day.
爸爸煙癮大,一天一包煙。

Two pots of jam were used in cooking.做飯用了兩瓶果醬。

I have a mug of milk and some bread for my breakfast.
我喝一大杯牛奶吃一點麵包作為早餐。

2.用介詞結構表達概數: in large quantities, in great numbers,
in large amounts, , in pairs, in groups, in pieces, in dozens,
in scores, in one』s thousands, in one』s thirties, in bulk,
in multitude, in plenty, in the 1990』s, in quantity, in pack,
by ones and twos, by twos and threes , over..., around…, about…,
below…, more than…, without numbers

Pack them in dozens.論打包裝。

He is a young man in his thirties.他是一位30多歲的年輕人。

People came in scores.大家結隊而來。

Activities are coming forward in great numbers.活動積極分子紛紛湧向前來。

They wandered off in pairs and chatted about their own affairs.
他們成雙成對結伴而行,聊著家常小事。

Things are usually cheaper if they are bought in bulk.
批量采購會便宜一些。

Resources in plenty can be found in this territory.
本地能找到豐富的資源。

The farms have water in plenty to last through the dry season.
農場水源充足,可供旱季使用。

Heroic fighters emerged in multitude.
英勇的戰士大量涌現。

It is often less expensive to buy goods in quantity.
批量購物要便宜不少。

Some people are standing about in small groups under the tree.
人們站在樹下,三五成群。

People began to leave the meeting by ones and twos.
大家三三兩兩地離開會場。

Wolves hunt in packs.狼成群捕食。

3.借比喻或引申表達概數: a mountain of, an ocean of, oceans of,
bags of( 很多 ), a dose of( 大量 ),a stream of,
a suggestion of ( 一點點 ), a suspicion of( 少許 )

He has a mountain of dirty clothes to wash.
他有一大堆臟衣服要洗。

A mountain of letters arrived just after the report.
報告之後信件紛至沓來。

Oceans of time and money were/ An ocean of time
and money was spent on the project.大量時間和大批資金都投入到這項工程。

No need to be hurried. We have bags of time.
不必著急,我們有充足的時間。

There were bags of opportunities, but they lost them all.
機會眾多,但他們都錯過了。

In the accident, the workers received a heavy dose of radiation.
工人在事故中受到嚴重幅射。

Streams of cars were passing by.一串串汽車急馳而過。

There was a suggestion of boredom in his tone.在他聲音里有一絲疲乏。

She added a suspicion of garlic to the stew.他在?肉里加了一點蒜。

There was a suspicion of tears in her eyes.他的眼中有一絲淚痕。

三.談談介詞的否定意義
介詞在英語中屬於「小詞」,事實上介詞在英語中發揮的效力可不小。
介詞在英語中起著」螺絲釘」的作用,它隨處可見,且功能強大。
其功能之一就是,它可以和介詞賓語一起構成許多否定意義的成語或片語。
介詞否定表達簡捷明意義深刻,其譯文多採用譯。

1.Above

The text is above me.(無法理解)

She thinks she is above criticism. (不容批評)

The child is above all nervousness. (一點也不緊張)

His conct has always been above suspicion. (無可懷疑)

I think a gentleman like him is above doing such a thing. (不屑於)

Don』t depend on me. It』s above my bend. (力不所及)

He is above the weather now. (無病的)

2.Against

Almost everything was against him. (不利於)

He』s always doing his best, against all odds. (不計成敗)

3.At

The point is to win at any cost. (不惜一切代價)

At any rate, we』ve done something for you now. (不管怎樣)

On the spot he was completely at sea. (不知所措)

4.Behind

The train is running behind time. (不準時)

Your ideas are all behind the times. (跟不上時代)

5.Between

The secret is between ourselves. (不得外傳)

6.Before

Before long he realized that he was wrong. (不久)

I slipped out before the lecture began. (不等)

The guerrillas (游擊隊員) would fight to death before they surrendered. (

決不)

7.Beneath

Lying is beneath him. (不合身分)

Such a fellow as that is beneath my notice. (不值一理)

8.Beside

What you said is quite beside the point. (不關正題)

9.Beyond

The news is beyond belief. (難以置信)

The stars are beyond number. (數不清)

The scene was beyond description. (無法形容)

Good advice is beyond price. (無價)

The facts are beyond dispute. (毋庸置疑)

My happiness was beyond words. (難以言表)

Doing such a thing is quite beyond my power. (無能為力)

與beyond 構成的短語還有:beyond all doubt毫無疑問;
beyond all praise贊美不完;
beyond comparison無與倫比;beyond control無法控制;
beyond count不計其數;beyond example沒有先例;
beyond expression無法表達;beyond hope無望;beyond question無可爭辯。
10.But

He was anything but pleased when he heard this. (才不)
11.By

What he said took me completely by surprise. (無思想准備)

12.For

For all I care, you can throw it away. (我才不在乎哩)

But for your help I would not have finished the job. (要不是)

He passed the test for a certainty. (無疑)

13.From

The child can』t walk, far from running. (更不用談)

So far from taking my advice, he went and did just what I warned him

against. (不僅沒有)

She kept herself from laughing. (使之不)

I knew he did it from his teeth. (毫無誠意)

14.In

I don』t know what John intends to do; I』m in the dark
about his plans. (不知道)

The people lifted the big stone in a breeze. (毫不費力)

Nothing can stop us .We all decide to start our journey
in all weathers. (風雨無阻)

類似的短語還有in the clear不受妨礙; in the cloud心不在焉;
in the egg未成熟;in the log未經加工;in the rough未完成。

15.In spite of

At the sight he laughed in spite of himself. (不由自主地)

The girl still wanted to marry the poor young man in
spite of her parents』 teeth. (不顧父母的反對)

16.Off

Keep off the grass. (不靠近)

I』m right off love stories for some reason. (不感興趣)

He is off smoking now. (不再)

She was off ty yesterday. (不值班)

相似的片語還有off chance不會有機會;off color精神不好;
off guard不警惕;off hand無准備;off one』s feet不能
控制自己;off sb』s hand不再由某人負責;off one』s mind
不再掛念; off time不合時宜;off work沒上工;off time不合時宜。

17.On

I』m sorry. You』re down on your luck. (運氣不佳)

I knew you were on the cross about it. (不老實)

18.Out of

Out of sight, out of mind. (眼不見,心不煩)

It is quite out of fashion. (不時髦)

The book is out of print. (不再印發)

The man is quite out of humor. (不幽默)

Rest was now out of the question. (不可能)

還有相同的搭配ut of all reason無理;out of condition健康狀況不好;
out of control失控;out of count不計其數;out of date不合時日;
out of line不成直線;out of luck運氣不好;out of place不合時;
out of question毫無疑問;out of time不合時宜。

19.Past

The old man is past work. (無力工作)

Those trousers are past mending. (無法修補)

The situation is past hope. (沒有希望)

His poetry is past comprehension. (難以理解)

It』s past question. (毫無疑問)

20.To

To a man John』s friends stood by him in his trouble. (毫不例外)

He carried out his orders to the letter. (不折不扣)

The old man had a good memory. He remembered
the past things to a hair. (細毫不差)

To a miracle he recited these poems in a breath. (不可思議)
21.Under

I know very well you』re under thirty. (不滿)

This packet of butter is under weight. (分量不足)

The boy can』t go to school because he is under age. (年齡不夠)

22.With

I』m through with him. (不再來往)

He was through with the job, and he wanted to find something interesting.

(不想干)

The whole project was completed with a wet finger. (毫不費力)

23.Without

It was all done without necessary permit. (未經)

You can』t do without money. (沒有)

He often goes to school without his breakfast. (不吃)

I have helped him times without number. (無數)

without後還可引導這樣一些短語:without a doubt無疑;without a moment』s
thought不加考慮;without day無期限;without end 無窮;without example 沒有先例。

(六)、IN

1.動詞+in

a)動詞+ in。in在短語中的含義異常豐富:believe in信任, break in碎成,
bring in引起;產生;帶來, call in下令收回, fill in填充,get in收獲,
hand in上繳, involve in涉及, lie in在於, result in導致, share in共享,
succeed in成功, take in捲起;訂閱, turn in歸還當局。例如:

He was so short of money that he had to call
in the loans that he had made. 他很缺乏資金,不得不收回所有的款子。

Your failure lies in your laziness. 你失敗的原因在於懶惰。

Orders are given to take in sail.已發布收帆的命令。

b)動詞+sb./time/money+ in。介詞in後接(doing)sth.:help sb. in
幫助某人做某事, spare time/money in勻出時間或錢做某事,
spend time/money in花時間或錢做某事,
waste time/money in浪費時間或錢做某事。例如:

She offered to help him in the housekeeping when I am not here.
她提出,我不在家時她可以幫助他料理家務。

2. be +形容詞+ in。in表示「在某些方面或穿著」:be active in活躍於,
be absorbed in專心致志, be busy in忙碌, be born in出生於,
be concerned in牽涉, be clothed in穿著, be disappointed in對…失望,
be diligent in勤於, be experienced in在…有經驗, be employed in任職於,
be engaged in忙碌, be expert in某方面的專家, be excellent in在…優秀,
be interested in對…有興趣, be lacking in缺乏, be rich in富有,
be slow in遲緩, be successful in在某方面成功, be skilled in精於,
be strict in嚴於, be weak in弱於。例如:

She was completely absorbed in her own affairs. 她完全專注於自己的事務。

More than one person has been concerned in this. 不只一人牽涉到這件事。

3. in +名詞。 in表示「處於某種狀態或在某些方面」等意思:in advance提前,
in all總共,in balance總而言之,in bed卧床,in body親自,in brief簡明扼要


in case萬一, in charge主管,in danger有危險, in debt負債, in despair失望,
in force大量地;有效,in full全部地, in flower開花,in general一般說來,
in itself本身, in love戀愛, in order井然有序, in person親自,
in public公開地, in progress有進展, in practice從實踐上看,
in rags穿著破衣, in research探索, in return作為報答,in ruins一片廢墟,
in short總之,in theory從理論上看, in trouble有麻煩, in tears眼淚汪汪,
in time及時, in turn按順序, in vain白白地,in view看得見。

注意下列幾個片語中的in為副詞:check in到達登記,cut in插嘴,count in包括,
draw in時間接近, drop in順路拜訪, give in屈服, pour in源源而來。

(七)、OF

1.動詞+of

a)動詞+of。of意為「有關,由於」: beg of(sb.)請求某人,complain of抱怨,
consist of由…構成, die of死於, dream of夢想, hear of聽說, know of了解,
speak of談及, tell of講到, think of想起, talk of論及。例如:

Never has one of them complained of all the trouble we give.
從來沒有人抱怨我們帶來這么多麻煩。

Carbon dioxide consists of carbon and oxygen.
二氧化碳由碳、氧兩種元素組成。

b)動詞+sb.+of+sth.。其中of有「剝奪,有關」之意:
accuse

❼ 7年紀英語的所有語法知識~~

滿意請採納
英語的語法,`主要包括下面有:
1.主語
2.定語
3.謂語
4.其他
5.常用語用法
6.名詞
7.冠詞
8.代詞
9.數詞
10.動詞時態
11.形容詞與副詞
12.情態動詞
13.非限定動詞
14.虛擬語氣
15.介詞
16.基本句型結構
http://ke.soso.com/v335225.htm?sp=SST%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95
基本句型一: S V (主+謂)

基本句型二: S V P (主+謂+表)

基本句型三: S V O (主+謂+賓)

基本句型四: S V o O (主+謂+間賓+直賓)

基本句型五; S V O C (主+謂+賓+賓補)

八大時態
一、 一般現在時:

1.概念:經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。

2.時間狀語: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,

3.基本結構:動詞 原形 (如主語為第三人稱單數,動詞上要加(e)S)

4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用doesn't,同時還原行為動詞。

5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首;用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。

6.例句:. It seldom snows here.

He is always ready to help others.

Action speaks louder than words.

二、 一般過去時:

1.概念:過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。

2.時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

3.基本結構:be動詞;行為動詞

4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。

5.一般疑問句:was或were放於句首;用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞。

6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.

I didn't know you were so busy.

三、 現在進行時:

1.概念:表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。

2.時間狀語:now, at this time, these days, etc.

3.基本結構:am/is/are+doing

4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.

5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首。

6.例句: How are you feeling today?

He is doing well in his lessons.

四、 過去進行時:

1.概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。

2.時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。

3.基本結構:was/were+doing

4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.

5.一般疑問句:把was或were放於句首。

6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.

When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.

五、 現在完成時:

1.概念:過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果,或從過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態。

2.時間狀語:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.

3.基本結構:have/has + done

4.否定形式:have/has + not +d one.

5.一般疑問句:have或has。

6.例句:I've written an article.

It has been raining these days.

六、 過去完成時:

1.概念:以過去某個時間為標准,在此以前發生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即「過去的過去」。

2.時間狀語:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.

3.基本結構:had + done.

4.否定形式:had + not + done.

5.一般疑問句:had放於句首。

6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.

By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books

七、 一般將來時:

1.概念:表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。

2.時間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

3.基本結構:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.

4.否定形式:was/were + not; 在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。

5.一般疑問句:be放於句首;will/shall提到句首。

6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.

It is going to rain.

八、 過去將來時:

1.概念:立足於過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用於賓語從句中。

2.時間狀語:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

3.基本結構:was/were/going to + do;would/should + do.

4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.

5.一般疑問句:was或were放於句首;would/should 提到句首。

6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day .
補充:
1.主+謂
birds fly.
2.主+系+定
一般都是主系表的結構
there are birds.
3.主+謂+賓
the early bird catches the worm.
4.主+謂+間賓+直賓
she bought the bird a cage.
5.主+謂+賓+賓補
my mather bought a bag from supermarket

句子的主語可以是人也可以是物
2.的謂語動詞是系動詞 像be動詞
4.5.的謂語動詞是實意動詞 像 eat buy see

4和5 的區別是

直接賓語cage 是實意動詞 bought 的承接者
買的是籠子而不是鳥
間接賓語 the bird 修飾 限制 直接賓語 cage
表示 籠子是給鳥用的 而不是給 兔子啊貓啊用的

5句
賓語a bag 是謂語 (實意動詞)bought 的承接者

賓補 from supermarket修飾 限制 補充賓語是從超市買的
如果用in the supermarket 這部分就是地點狀語
表示動作發生的地點`

❽ 英語中的所有語法知識點

1.
各類詞性,如:冠詞、名詞、數詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、連詞、動內詞容、助動詞、情態動詞等等;
2.
句子的分類:簡單句;復合句,包括並列復合句和主從復合句,其中後者包括含有下列從句:名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句);定語從句(形容詞性從句);狀語從句(副詞性從句)
3.
句子的基本結構:主語+謂語;主語+謂語+賓語;主語+謂語+雙賓語;主語+謂語+復合賓語;主語+連系動詞+表語
4.
句子的語氣:陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句
5.
虛擬語氣
6.
倒裝語序
7.
省略
8.
it的用法

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