A. 九年級英語語法聚焦翻譯
一、定義:
在復合句中,修飾主句中的某一名詞或代詞的句子(從句)叫定語從句。定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句作定語放在先行詞的後面。
引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞,關系詞有:關系代詞that,which,who(賓格whom, 所有格whose)和關系副詞when,where,why。關系代詞或關系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間,既起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的一個成分。如:
The girl who is standing on the stage is my sister.
正站在台上的那個女孩是我的妹妹。(關系代詞who在句中作主語)
I can』t find the book (that) I bought yesterday.
我找不到我昨天買的那本書。(關系代詞that在句中作賓語,可省去)
Madam Curie was a great scientist whose name is known all over the world.
居里夫人是一位全世界聞名的偉大科學家。
二、用法:
(一)關系代詞的用法:
(1)that指物,有時也指人,在從句中作主語或賓語。作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。
which指物,不指人,在從句中作主語或賓語。作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。如:
His father works in a factory that/ which makes TV set. (作主語,指物)
The coat (that/ which) I put on the desk is black. (作賓語,可省去)
The books (that/ which) they bought were written by me. (作賓語,可省去)
注意:
(一) which與that指物時可互相代替,但that比which更常見,尤其在口語中。但要注意that可用來指人,而which則不能指人。
只能用that不能用which引導的定語從句:
①定語從句所修飾的詞,同時又被形容詞最高級修飾時,定語從句只能用that引導;
This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.
②定語從句所修飾的詞,同時又被序數詞修飾時,定語從句只能用that引導;
The children like the second Lesson that is about 「The Football March」.
③定語從句所修飾的詞,同時又被the only,the very或the same修飾時,
定語從句只能用that引導;
1) It is the only word (that) I know in the passage.
2) This is the same bicycle (that) I lost.
④定語從句修飾的詞同時又被不定代詞,如:all,any,no,every,little,many或much等修飾時,定語從句只能用that引導;
Here is all the money (that) I have.
⑤定語從句修飾詞為everything,something,anything,nothing,all,none,much,little,few等不定代詞時,定語從句只能用that引導。但something前有the時,定語從句可由which引出。
Here is something (that) I will tell you.
I want everything (that) I want.
⑥定語從句修飾的詞中同時含有「人」和「物」的名詞時,定語從句只能用that引導:
I can remember well the persons and some picture (that) I see in the room.
⑦定語從句修飾的詞為one, ones時,定語從句用that引導:
Is it the one (that) you want?
⑧當主句的主語是疑問詞 who或 which來提問時,為了避免重復,用that引導定語從句:]
Who is the girl that won the first place?
(二) who指人,that除指人外也指物,在從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語可省略,作主語不能省略。
1) The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. (作主語,不可省略)
2) The teacher who spoke at the meeting just now is having a rest in his office. (作主語,不可省略)
3) The boy (who/ that) I like isn』t here now. (作賓語,可省略)
注 意:
who與that指人時可互相代替,但下列情況只能用who不能用that引導的定語從句:
① 先行詞是one,ones,anyone時,定語從句只能用who引導;
② 先行詞為those時,定語從句只能用who引導;
③ There be句型開頭。
另 註:(1) whom指人,為who的賓格形式,在句中只作賓語,其前沒有介詞時,也可用who替換使用,也可省略,如:
Who is the teacher (that/ who/ whom) Yanzhen is talking to? (作賓語,可省略)
Who is the teacher to whom Yanzhen is talking? (作賓語,介詞to提到whom前,whom再此不可省略)
(2) whose 指人,也可指物,在從句中作定語,不可省略。如:
The building whose windows face to the south is our school. (作定語,不可省略
B. 五年中考三年模擬2015中考英語河北專用答案專題三數詞以後的答案快快快快快快快
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