A. 2011中考英語復習要點
復習要點有幾下幾點:
1 各種詞的詞性 各種詞性之間的相互轉化 比如形容詞回與副詞 形容詞的各答個級別 變化
2動詞 動詞的六大時態和二種語態 尤其是各個時態的被動語態
3 作文 結構的安排,要點的把握 首先保證要點要全,在此基礎上在稍加拓展。沒有把握的從句切務寫。但是通篇是簡單句也打不了高分,必須有一到二句出彩句;
4任務型閱讀 答題完整句注意人稱時態的轉變
5大量閱讀課本的範文 找語感
B. 2011屆高三英語定語從句第一輪復習語法
定義
I. 定語從句起形容詞的作用,在句中修飾一個名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞,引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞,他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間起了連接作用,二是在從句中擔當一個成分,並與先行詞保持數的一致。
關系詞 先行詞 從句
成分 例句 備注
關系代詞 who 人 主語 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在從句中做賓語時,常可以省略,但介詞提前時後面關系代詞不能省略,也不可以用that
whom 人 賓語 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose 人,物 定語 I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate.
that 人,物 主語
賓語 A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which 物 主語
賓語 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人,物 主語
賓語 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做賓語一般不省略
關系副詞 when 時間 時間
狀語 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which
where 地點 地點
狀語 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which
why 原因 原因
狀語 I can』t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which
Ⅱ. as與which的區別:
定語
從句 區別 例句
限制性定語從句中 名詞前有such和the same修飾時,關系代詞用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks.
Don』t read such books as you can』t understand.
非限制性定語從句中 as和which都可以指代前面整個主句。如果有「正如,象」的含義,並可以放在主句前,也可以放在後面,那麼用as;而which引導的從句只能放主句後,並無「正如」的意思。 They won the game, as we had expected.
They won the game, which we hadn』t expected.
As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
Ⅲ. 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別:
類別 語法意義及特徵 例句
限制性定語從句 對先行詞起修飾限製作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明確,這種從句與主句的關系十分密切,寫時不用逗號分開。 The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定語從句 對先行詞作附加的說明,與主句的關系不十分密切,較鬆散。從句和主句之間用逗號分開,相當於一個插入語,不能用that引導,關系代詞做賓語時也不能省略。 His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.
一、考點聚焦
1、功能:相當於形容詞,修飾名詞或代詞,在句中作定語
2、位置:定語從句置於被修飾詞之後
Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.
3、先行詞:被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞
(1)先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞,如:some-, any-, every-和no與-boy, -thing的合成詞;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。數詞也可以作先行詞,人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。
(2)先行詞與關系詞是等量關系。必須注意兩點:
①先行詞在從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的數由先行詞而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.
②關系詞在從句句子中充當了成分,其意思就是先行詞的意義,所以在從句中不能重復其意。
There are many places we can visit(them)in China.
4、關系詞:引導定語從句的都稱關系詞
關系代詞:who, whom, which, that, whose, as。
關系副詞:when, where, why。that偶爾也作關系副詞。
5、確定關系詞的步驟
(1)先找關系詞,看先行詞指的是什麼。
(2)看關系詞在從句中所充當的成分。
6、在定語從句中,當先行詞指物時,下列情況的關系詞宜用that而不用which
(1)先行詞被①形容詞最高級 ②序數詞 ③數詞幾種詞修飾或被 ④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修飾時。
(2)先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時。
(3)先行詞中既有人又有物時。
He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.
(4)先行詞在主句中作表語關系詞在從句中作表語時。
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.
(5)當主句中含有疑問詞which時。
Which are the books that you bought for me ?
7、宜用which而不用that的情況
(1)在非限制性定語從句中
(2)在關系詞前有介詞時
(3)當先行詞本身是that時
(4)當關系詞離先行詞較遠時
8、關系詞who與that指人時,也有不同情況分別用不同的關系詞
(1)當主句是there be句型時,關系詞用who。
(2)先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時,關系詞用who。
(3)當主句是who作疑問詞時,關系詞用that。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window?
(4)whom在從句中只作賓語,可被who取代。
9、whose作關系詞既指人又指物,在從句中作定語。如:
Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving?
There is a room, whose window faces the river.
There is a room, the window of which faces the river.
10、關系代詞as,在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。
(1)先行詞被such和the same修飾,或句型as many(much)中,從句都用as 引導。
Such books as you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.
注意:區別①such … that … 引導的結果狀語從句。They are suchlovely children that we love them much.②the same … that … 引導定語從句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.
(2)無先行詞的定語從句用as和which引導。
區別:①意義上:as 含有「這點正如……一樣」。②位置上:as 從句可置句首,也可在另處。
He didn』t pass the exam, as we had expected.
There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.
As is known, the earth is round, not flat.
11、關系副詞when與where、why、that
when 指時間 = in / at / on / ring which
where指地點 = in / at / from / which
why指原因 = for which
當先行詞為way、day、reason、time時,可用that作關系副詞。(非正式場合)
I don』t like the way that / in which / he talks.
當time作先行詞時,關系詞可以省掉。
This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.
12、必須注意的問題
(1)關系詞作主語時,從句中謂語的數。
(2)注意區別定語從句與強調句。
①定語從句中關系詞作從句成分,復合句。
②強調it無意義,that / who不是引導詞。
③強調it is / was和that / who後如果句子意思講得通則是強調句,講不通則不是。
It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定語從句)
It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(強調句)
(3)定語從句與同位語從句的區別。
①定語從句引導詞被稱為關系詞,that充當主語、賓語、表語。有時可省略。
②同位語從句引導詞被叫做連詞,that不能充當任何成分,不可省。
Word came that their army was defeated.(同位語)
We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定語)
(4)關系詞在從句中省略的情況。
①關系詞作賓語,前無介詞時。
②關系詞作表語。
(5)限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的翻譯。
(6)關系詞前有介詞或復雜介詞,關系詞只能是which和whom。
(7)幾個特殊的定語從句句型:
①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.(句中one為先行詞)
He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(句中students為先行詞)
②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday? Is this the place (that / which) we visited yesterday?
③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.
④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.
二、精典名題導解
1. The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.(NMET 2001)
A. until B. that C. when D. where
解析:答案為C。本題考查分隔定語從句的關系詞的選擇。作好本題的關鍵是要能辨認出該定語從句的先行詞the hours和關系詞被介詞短語to me所分隔。定語從句的先行詞是表時間的名詞hours, 並且關系詞在從句中用作狀語,故應選擇表示時間的關系副詞when。
2. ___________ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.(NMET 2001)
A. It B. As C. That D. What
解析:答案為B。本題考查as引導的非限制定語從句。as作「正如……」解時,引導的非限制性定語從句來修飾整個句子。當as在從句中作主語時,常用於下列短語:as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作關系代詞引導定語從句的用法。
3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child.(NMET 1996)
A. which B. where C. that D. when
解析:答案為B。本題考查限制性定語從句中關系詞的選擇。定語從句的先行詞是表示地點的名詞短語the small town, 且關系詞不作定語從句中的主語和賓語而作地點狀語,因此定語從句必須用關系副詞where引導。要注意分清先行詞在從句中充當的成分,然後選擇適當的關系詞。
C. 中考英語語法
選B
since和when都可以引導時間狀語從句,since表示自從......但是上面句子的時專態不正確,屬
since和because都可以引導原因狀語從句,區別是because通常用在主句之後而since用在主句之前,since也表示顯而易見的原因,可以用as替代,
但是從句子意思看顯然是讓步狀語從句,這些連詞裡面只有although可以引導讓步狀語從句,如果答案A可以選的話那麼C也正確了,不可能的,
although引導讓步狀語從句意思是雖然...盡管...,後面不能和 but連用,
D. 英語語法連詞有哪些
1,並列連詞
and 和,那麼,漸漸;
or 或,否則,不管是…,還是;
but 但是,而是,的確…但;nor 也不
so 也是,因此,所以,那麼,這樣看來;
for 因為(表示推測),由於;
2,相關連詞
both A and B 既是A又是B;
either A or B 不是A 就是B;
neither A nor B 既不是A也不是B ,兩者皆非;
not only A but also B 不但A而且B;
A as well as B 不但A而且B , 與,和;
3,准連詞
而且 besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition;
然而 yet, still, however, nevertheless;
否則 else, otherwise;
因此 所以 thus, hence, therefore, accordingly, consequently;
4,引導名詞從句的連詞
從屬連詞 that, whether, if;
疑問連詞 what, which, who/whom/whose;
疑問副詞 when, where, why, how;
復合關系代詞 whatever, whoever, whomever;
5,引導定語從句的連詞
關系代詞 who (whom whose), which, that, as;
關系副詞 when, where, why;
關系形容詞 which, whose…
6,引導狀語從句的連詞
表示時間 when, while, as, till, whenever, since, as soon as…
表示條件 if, unless, as long as, in case, if only, on condition…
表示結果 so…that , such…that (如此…以至於);
表示目的 that, so that, in order that; lest, for fear, in case;
表示原因 as, because, now (that ), seeing (that), since…
表示讓步 whether…or, notwithstanding, though, for all that…
表示地點 where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere
表示方式 as, as…so, as if, according as;
表示比較 than, the more… the more…, as…as…, not so…as;
E. 2011中考英語如何復習
要對這門科目有興趣。這是很重要的一點,千萬不能忽略。如果你對它沒興趣,有再多的方法也是徒勞的。其次,上課一定要好好聽課,做好每課的筆記,然後每天晚上寫作業前,把筆記看一遍,回憶一下今天講過的內容。把每天課文中的單詞都要記牢,多看寫英語課外讀物,日積月累,詞彙量肯定會大大提高。看課外讀物時,不要求全部看懂,不會的可以問老師。不需要學太多課外的語法,因為在一般情況下,這些都是用不著的,該講的課堂上老師都會講到,並且講的很詳細(這就要看這個老師負不負責任了)。只需要每天的積累,掌握每天所學過的知識,消化當天的內容就很不錯。然後每天做作業時,盡量不要看書。做完後,再看哪裡不懂,然後重點去復習,這樣是很有效果的。這是第一點,掌握課本上的內容,偶爾加點課外閱讀。第二點,也很重要。就是聽,說,讀,寫,背。這是一個重要的環節。多聽,多聽英語磁帶,然後在平常和同學玩耍時,偶爾來一句英語也不錯(千萬出現錯句子,丟死人了)。多讀,每天早讀時,多跟著同學一起讀,有助於提高語言流暢能力。然後就是每天的作業一定要完成,無論是本子上的作業,還是活動上作業(如寫對話之類的,不需要交的),都應該認真去完成。還有最後一環節,就是背,每天所學過的課文,都必須背誦,這樣很有助於你考試,因為考試經常出課文上的東西,而且,要背誦的流利,也能提高你在說這一方面的語言流暢能力。背誦是必要的,但應當僅限於單詞。不要在句式片語和語法上下太多的功夫。增長語言的聽說水平最好的方法是朗讀,每天多花一段時間大聲讀一些比較好的短文,時間一長口語自然就流利了。以上就是鄙人以為的基礎。
F. 廣州市2011中考英語片語固定搭配和語法
in the long run 從長遠來看,最後 on offer 在出售中 choose from... 從...中挑選
be curious about... 對...感到好奇 confront with... 使面臨, 使面對 with interest 有興趣地 an average of ... 平均是... at high altitudes 在很高的地方draw one』s attention 吸引某人的注意 focus on 集中考試大論壇as a matter of fact 實際上in years to come 在未來的幾年內set apart from 把...區分開
adopt a positive approach 採取一種正確的方法
wait for 等待
pass through 經過, 通過
a sequence of 一系列的
take ... for granted 以...為驕傲
be aware of/that 注意到
translate into 翻譯成
set in 開始
intend to do 想要做
looking forward to 期望
be built from... 用...去建造
a wide variety of 很多的
at advanced levels 在高級范圍內
carry out 完成,實施
according to 根據
aim to do 指望做某事
make sacrifices to do 做出犧牲而做
in depth 深入地
新整理的有用片語~
a series of 一系列,一連串
above all 首先,尤其是
after all 畢竟,究竟
ahead of 在...之前
ahead of time 提前
all at once 突然,同時
all but 幾乎;除了...都
all of a sudden 突然
all over 遍及
all over again 再一次,重新
all the time 一直,始終
all the same 仍然,照樣的
as regards 關於,至於
anything but 根本不
as a matter of fact 實際上
apart from 除...外(有/無)
as a rule 通常,照例
as a result(of) 因此,由於
as far as ...be concerned 就...而言
as far as 遠至,到...程度
as for 至於,關於
as follows 如下
as if 好像,仿怫
as good as 和...幾乎一樣
as usual 像平常一樣,照例
as to 至於,關於
all right 令人滿意的;可以
as well 同樣,也,還
as well as 除...外(也),即...又
aside from 除...外(還有)
at a loss 茫然,不知所措
at a time 一次,每次
at all 絲毫(不),一點也不
at all costs 不惜一切代價
at all events 不管怎樣,無論如何
at all times 隨時,總是
at any rate 無論如何,至少
at best 充其量,至多
at first 最初,起先
at first sight 乍一看,初看起來
at hand 在手邊,在附近
at heart 內心裡,本質上
at home 在家,在國內
at intervals 不時,每隔...
at large 大多數,未被捕獲的
at least 至少
at last 終於
at length 最終,終於
at most 至多,不超過
at no time 從不,決不
by accident 偶然
at one time 曾經,一度;同時
at present 目前,現在
at sb's disposal 任...處理
at the cost of 以...為代價
at the mercy of 任憑...擺布
at the moment 此刻,目前
at this rate 照此速度
at times 有時,間或
back and forth 來回地,反復地
back of 在...後面
before long 不久以後
beside point 離題的,不相乾的
beyond question 毫無疑問
by air 通過航空途徑
by all means 盡一切辦法,務必
by and by 不久,遲早
by chance 偶然,碰巧
by far 最,...得多
by hand 用手,用體力
by itself 自動地,獨自地
by means of 用,依靠
by mistake 錯誤地,無意地
by no means 決不,並沒有
by oneself 單獨地,獨自地
by reason of 由於
by the way 順便說說
by virtue of 藉助,由於
by way of 經由,通過...方法
e to 由於,因為
each other 互相
even if/though 即使,雖然
ever so 非常,極其
every now and then 時而,偶爾
every other 每隔一個的
except for 除了...外
face to face 面對面地
far from 遠非,遠離
for ever 永遠
for good 永久地
for the better 好轉
for the moment 暫時,目前
for the present 暫時,目前
for the sake of 為了,為了...的利益
for the time being 暫時,眼下
from time to time 有時,不時
hand in hand 手拉手 ,密切關聯
head on 迎面地,正面的
heart and soul 全心全意地
how about ...怎麼樣
in a hurry 匆忙,急於
in case of 假如,防備
in a moment 立刻,一會兒
in a sense 從某種意義上說
in a way 在某種程度上
in a word 簡言之,總之
in accordance with 與...一致,按照
in addition 另外,加之
in addition to 除...之外(還)
in advance 預先,事先
in all 總共,合計
in any case 無論如何
in any event 無論如何
in brief 簡單地說
in charge of 負責,總管
in common 共用的,共有的
in consequence(of) 因此;由於
in debt 欠債,欠情
in detail 詳細地
in difficulty 處境困難
in effect 實際上,事實上
in general 一般來說,大體上
in favor of 支持,贊成
in front of 面對,在...前
in half 成兩半
in hand 在進行中,待辦理
in honor of 為慶祝,為紀念
in itself 本質上,就其本身而言
in line with 與...一致
in memory of 紀念
in no case 決不
in no time 立即,馬上
in no way 決不
in order 按順序,按次序
in other words 換句話說
in part 部分地
in particular 特別,尤其
in person 親自,本人
in place 在合適的位置
in place of 代替,取代,交換
in practice 在實踐中,實際上
in proportion to 與...成比例
in public 公開地,當眾
in quantity 大量
in question 正在談論的
in regard to 關於,至於
in relation to 關於,涉及
in return 作為報答/回報/交換
in return for 作為對...報答
in short 簡言之,總之
in sight 被見到;在望
in spite of 盡管
in step 齊步,合拍
in step with 與...一致/協調
in tears 流著淚,在哭著
in the course of 在...期間/過程中
in the distance 在遠處
in the end 最後,終於
in the event of 如果...發生,萬一
in the face of 即使;在...面前
in the first place 首先
in the future 在未來
in the least 絲毫,一點
in (the)light of 鑒於,由於
in the way 擋道
in the world 究竟,到底
in time 及時
in touch 聯系,接觸
in turn 依次,輪流;轉而
in vain 徒勞,白費力
instead of 代替,而不是
just now 眼下;剛才
little by little 逐漸地
lots of 許多
many a 許多
more or less 或多或少,有點
next door 隔壁的,在隔壁
no doubt 無疑地
no less than 不少於...;不亞於...
no longer 不再
no more 不再
no more than 至多,同...一樣不
none other than 不是別的,正是
on one's guard 警惕,提防
nothing but 只有,只不過
now and then 時而,偶爾
off and on 斷斷續續,間歇地
off ty 下班
on a large/small scale 大/小規模地
on account of 由於
on(an/the) average 平均,通常
on behalf of 代表
on board 在船(車/飛機)上
on business 因公
on condition that 如果
on ty 上班,值班
on earth 究竟,到底
on fire 起火著火
on foot 步行,
on guard 站崗,值班
on hand 在場,在手邊
on occasion(s) 有時,間或
on one's own 獨立,獨自
on purpose 故意地
on sale 出售,廉價出售
on schele 按時間表,准時
on second thoughts 經重新考慮
on the contrary 正相反
on the grounds of 根據,以...為由
on (the) one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
on the point of 即將...的時刻
on the road 在旅途中
on the side 作為兼職/副 業
on the spot 在場;馬上
on the whole 總的來說,大體上
on time 准時
once again 再一次
once(and)for all 一勞永逸地
once in a while 偶爾
once more 再一次
once upon a time 從前
one another 相互
or else 否則,要不然
or so 大約,左右
other than 非;除了
out of 從...中;由於;缺乏
out of breath 喘不過氣來
out of control 失去控制
out of date 過時的
out of doors 在戶外
out of order 出故障的
out of place 不適當的
out of practice 久不練習,荒疏
out of sight 看不見,在視野外
out of the question 毫無可能的
out of touch 不聯系,不接觸
over and over(again) 一再地,再三地
prior at 在...之前
quite a few 相當多,不少
rather than 不是...(而是)
regardless of 不顧,不惜
right away 立即,馬上
side by side 肩並肩,一起
so far 迄今為止
sooner or later 遲早,早晚
step by step 逐步地
such as 例如,諸如
thanks to 由於,多虧
that is (to say) 就是說,即
to the point 切中要害,切題
under control 處於控制之下
under the circumstances 這種情況下
up to date 在進行中
up to 多達;直到;勝任;取決於
what if 切合目前情況的
what about 怎麼樣
with respect to 如果...將怎麼樣
with regard to 關於,至於
without question 關於,至於,
with the exception of 除...之外
without question 毫無疑問
word for word 逐字的