牛津英語模塊七語法總結

Ⅰ 牛津高中英語所有模塊的語法詳細的歸納與整理

在英語句子里，謂語受主語支配，其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。尋其規律，大致可歸納為三個原則，即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。 （一）語法一致原則：語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、復數形式上保持一致。 1、以單數名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式；主語為復數時，謂語動詞用復數形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 注意：由what引導的主語從句，後面的謂語動詞多數情況用單數形式，但若表語是復數或what從句是一個帶有復數意義的並列結構時，主句的謂語動詞用復數形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you. 2、由連接詞and或both … and連接起來的合成主語後面，要用復數形式的謂語動詞。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 注意：① 若and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它後面的謂語動詞就應用單數形式。如：The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and連接的並列單數主語前如果分別有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it. 3、主語為單數名詞或代詞，盡管後面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數形式；若主語為復數，謂語用復數形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 4、either, neither, each, every 或no +單數名詞和由some, any, no, every構成的復合不定代詞，都作單數看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter. 注意：① 在口語中當either或neither後跟有「of+復數名詞（或代詞）」作主語時，其謂語動詞也可用復數。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ② 若none of後面的名詞是不可數名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數；若它後面的名詞是復數，它的謂語動詞用單數或復數都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America. 5、在定語從句時，關系代詞that, who, which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 6、如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞就用復數形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意：people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作復數。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7、由「a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞」構成的短語以及由「分數或百分數+名詞」構成的短語作主語，其謂語動詞的數要根據短語中後面名詞的數而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls. 注意： a number of「許多」，作定語修飾復數名詞，謂語用復數；the number of「…的數量」，主語是number，謂語用單數。 8、在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數應與其後的主語一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts. （二）邏輯意義一致原則：邏輯意義一致就是謂語動詞的數必須和主語的意義一致（因有時主語形式為單數，但意義為復數；有時形式為復數，但意義為單數）。 1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數，也可是復數，主要靠意思來決定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing. 2、表示「時間、重量、長度、價值」等的名詞的復數作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數形式， 這是由於作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 3、若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復數形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數形式。如： 「The Arabian Nights」is an interesting story-book. 4、表數量的短語「one and a half」後接復數名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞可用單數形式（也可用復數。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table. 5、算式中表示數目（字）的主語通常作單數看待，其謂語動詞採用單數形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. 6、一些學科名詞是以 –ics 結尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都屬於形式上是復數的名詞，實際意義為單數名詞，它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn』t easy to study. 7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語時，謂語用復數，但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時，謂語動詞用單數。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 8、「定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞」，表示某一類人時，動詞用復數。 （三）就近一致原則：在英語句子中，有時謂語動詞的人稱和數與最近的主語保持一致。 1、當兩個主語由either … or, neither … nor, whether … or …, not only … but also連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right? 2、there be句型be動詞單復數取決於其後的主語。如果其後是由and連接的兩個主語，則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room..注意：Here引導的句子用法同上。 語法經典練習：1.I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.A.am B.is C.are D.be2. The rich ____ not always happy.A.are B.is C.has D.have3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students.A.are B.am C.is D.was4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China.A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home.A.am B.is C.are D.be6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us ____ good painters.,A.are;are B.am;am C.ani;are D.is;is7. Every' boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party.A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants.A.was B.is C. would be D.are9. The population of China ____ larger than that of .any other country in the world.A.is B.are C.has D.have10. Every means ____ tried but without any result.A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule.A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon.A.is B.was C.are D.is being13. The great writer and professor____.A. is an old man B. are both old menC. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.A.are B.is C.has D.have15. A large number of students in our class____ girls.A. are B. was C. is D. be16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people leave things as they are.A. doesn' t change B.don't change C.change D.changed17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English.A. is B. are C. was D. were18. Chairman Mao' s works ____ published.A. has been B.have been C.was D.is19. A chemical works____ built there.A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years.A.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five21 .The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world.A.is B.are C.was D.were22.He is the only one of die students who ____ elected.A. are B.have C.has D.is23.Theis is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.A.have B.has C. have been D.has been24.Many a man ____ come to help us.A.have B.has C.is D.are25."All____ present and all____ going on well," our monitor said.A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are26. The police ____ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is searching for B. were searching forC. are searching for D. were searching27.Your trousers____ dirty.You must have____ washed.A.is;il B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them28.This pair of trouseis ____ too long for him.A.is B.be C.are D.were29. One and a half bananas ____ left on the table.A.is B.are C.has D.have30. Eight times eight ____ sixty - four.A.is B.are C.get D.equal Keys:1~5 AAACA 6~10 CBDAD 11~15 ACABA 16~20 AABDB 21~25 ADCBC 26~30 BCAAA 31~35 ACAAB 36~40 CABBA 41~45 BCCCA 46~50 ADBBC

Ⅱ 牛津譯林高中英語 模塊7 單句語法填空

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Ⅲ 牛津7A英語Moudle1Unit1語法歸納

1. He is very clever at Maths. 他擅長數學。（P4）
（1）clever是形容詞，意為「聰明的，伶俐的」，同義詞為bright，反義詞為stupid。
（2）be clever at…意為「擅長於……」，相當於be good at。例如：
2. He's in the school basketball team.他是學校籃球隊的隊員。（P4）
I'm in the Reading Club.我在閱讀興趣小組。（P4）
句中的「be in + 團隊組織」意為「be a member of …」。因此
He's in the school basketball team.= He's a member of the school basketball team.
3. You can call me Simon. （P4）
call意為「叫、稱呼」，call sb. /sth. + 名稱，意為「叫某人（某物）為……」。例如：
You can call him Tom. 你可以叫他湯姆。
What do you call it in English? 你們用英語怎麼稱呼它？
call還有「打電話」、「叫、喊」之意。例如：
Who is calling? This is Helen speaking. 誰在打電話？是我，海倫。
Someone is calling you. 有人在叫你。
call也可作為名詞，意為「電話」。如：a telephone call 一通電話。
4. My parents come from Shanghai.我父母是上海人。（P4）
come from意為「來自……（地方），是……（地方）人」。
come from=be from
My parents come from Shanghai.=My parents are from Shanghai.
5. I was born there but we live in Beijing now.我出生在那兒但我們現住在北京。（P4）
be born意為「出生」。例如：
Simon was born in Shanghai. 西蒙出生在上海。（P5）
I was born in May.我出生於五月。
6. I play football at school. 我在學校踢足球。（P4）
at school可以表示「在學校」，也可以表示「上學」的概念。school表示抽象概念，而不是指具體場所時，school前不加冠詞，也不用復數形式。例如：
Daniel, do you play tennis after school? 丹尼爾，你放學後打網球嗎？（P9）

牛津英語7A語法 (一) 一般過去時的構成及用法
1）一般過去時的形式:
動詞 be: 第一人稱單數和第三人稱單數用 was, 其餘的人稱一律用 were。
動詞 have: 一律用 had, 沒有人稱和數的變化。
行為動詞：一律用過去式，沒有人稱和數的變化，行為動詞的過去式有兩類，一類是規則動詞，另一類是不規則動詞。
肯定 否定
動詞
be I was ... I was not ...
You were ... You were not ...
He/She/It was ... He/She/It was not ...
We were ... We were not ...
You You
They They
動詞
have I had ... I had not ...
You You
He/She/It He/She/It
We We
You You
They They
行為動詞
(study) I studied ... I did not study ...
You You
He/She/It He/She/It
We We
You You
They They
行為動詞的過去時的否定式，要使用助動詞 do 的過去式否定式 did not，後面的謂語動詞要還用原形。在非正式語如口語中。did not 可用緊縮形式 didn』t。
一般疑問和簡略回答
一般疑問 簡略回答
動詞
be Were you ...?
Was he ...?
Were they ...? Yes, I was.
No, I was not.
Yes, he was.
No, he was not.
Yes, they were.
No, they were not.
動詞
have Had you ...?
Had he ...?
Had they ...? Yes, I had.
No, I had not.
Yes, he had.
No, he had not.
Yes, they had.
No, they had not.
行為動詞
(study)
Did you study ... ?
Did he study ...?
Did they study ...?
Yes, I did.
No, I did not.
Yes, he did.
No, he did not.
Yes, they did.
No, they did not.
注意：was not, were not, had not 和 did not 可以分別縮寫成 wasn』t, weren』t, hadn』t 和 didn』t。
特殊疑問句 回答
動詞 be Where was she? She was at home.
行為動詞(study) When did you study English? I studied it last year.
2) 行為動詞的一般過去式：
行為動詞的過去式有規則變化和不規則變化兩種。規則動詞的過去式是在動詞原形後加-ed 構成。構成及讀法如下表：

在動詞後加
-ed 以e結尾的動詞後加
-d 以輔音字母+y結尾的動詞先將y變為i再加-ed 以重讀閉音節或r音節結尾而末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，雙輔音字母後再加-ed（以x結尾的詞除外
在清輔音後讀[t] worked
helped hoped
liked --- stopped, mapped
在母音和濁輔音後讀[d] stayed
called believed
lived studied
tried planned
referred
在輔音t, d後讀[id] wanted
needed --- --- permitted, admitted
3) 一般過去時的用法：
a. 表示過去的動作或狀態，常和明確的過去時間狀語連用，如：yesterday, last week, three days ago, in 1998等，或與由when引導的從句。
eg. I saw him yesterday.
She bought the bike two years ago.
He was there just now.
Where did you live when you were young?
b. 也可以表示過去某一段時間內經常或反復出現的動作。句子中常帶有every day, often, usually, always, sometimes 等時間狀語。
eg. When I studied in the university, I read aloud every morning.
In the past few years I usually went touring ring my summer vocations.
在過去的幾年裡，每逢暑假我總是出去旅遊。
c. 也可以用「used to +動詞原形」表示過去經常或反復的動作。
eg. We used to get up early. 我以前總是早起。（意指現在不早起了）

Ⅳ 牛津版初一英語的語法知識點

時態講解
一、一般現在時主要用於：
1 、表示經常性或習慣性動作。 e.g. It seldom snows here.
2 、表示現在的特徵或狀態。 e.g. He is always ready to help others.
3 、普遍真理。 e.g. Action speaks louder than words.
4 、劇情圖片介紹，背景說明，動作解說。 e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table)
Doctor ： What's your trouble, young man?
Tom ： I've caught a cold, doctor.
5 、時間、條件、讓步、方式狀語從句表將要發生的動作時。
e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.
與這種時態連用的時間狀語常有： always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。
二、一般過去時主要用於：
1 、表示過去某個時間發生的動作或情況（包括習慣性的動作或狀態）
e.g. When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days.
2 、談到過去的情況時 e.g. I didn't know you were so busy.
3 、談到已死人的情況時 e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter.
與這個時態連用的時間狀語常有：
yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引導的時間狀語從句，表示主句動作開始的時間。
三、現在完成時主要用於：
1 、表示到現在為止這一時期中發生的動作或情況，即多次動作的總和。
e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel?
For many days we haven't seen each other.
2 、表示對現在有影響的某一已發生的動作。
e.g. The delegation has left 代表團已經走了（說明現在不在這里） Look, what you have done. 看你乾的事。
與這一時態連用的時間狀語有： already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短語，連詞 since 引導的時間狀語從句。
一般過去時與現在完成時的區別：
一般過去時：重在說明動作在過去發生時的具體情況（時間、地點、方式、對象、細節等）。
現在完成時：只提起已發生的動作（事實）及其影響，不說明動作發生時的具體情況。
cf. Have you had your lunch? What did you have for lunch?
I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father.
註：現在完成時表達的動作常具有反復性，故下面一句是錯的：
Have you seen the six thirty's news program? 應改為： Did you see the six thirty's news program?
四、現在完成進行時主要用於：表示過去開始的某一動作一直持續到現在，以至延伸到將來，它強調動作延續時間之長久。e.g. I've been writing an article. 我一直在寫一篇文章。（還在寫）
cf. I've written an article. 我寫了一篇文章。（已寫完）
It has been raining these days. 這些天一直在下雨。
五、過去完成時
1 、過去完成時是一個相對時態，表示過去的過去，只有在兩個過去發生的動作相比較時才可顯示出來。
e.g. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
註：主從句表達的動作緊接時，即兩動作發生的時間沒有明顯時間上的懸殊或空檔時，主從句都可用一般過去時。 e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army?
2 、過去完成時可表示截止過去某一時間動作的總或動作的結束。
e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books By eight o'clock, he had finished his homework.
與這個時態連用的時間狀語常有： by 1985, by eight o'clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等連詞引導的時間狀語從句，表示主句動作結束的時間。
（六）現在進行時主要用於：
1 、表示現在或現階段正在進行的動作。 e.g. Listen, someone is crying. What are you doing these days?
2 、代替一般現在時，表示經常性動作或狀態，而含有某種感情色彩。
e.g. How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺怎樣？（顯得親切）
He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功課很好。（贊揚）
You are always boasting. 你老愛吹牛。（厭煩）
3 、動詞 go, come, leave, arrive 等表將要發生的動作時。 e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai.
與這種時態連用的時間狀語常有： now, these days, recently, this week 等。
七、過去進行時主要用於： 表示過去某個時刻或階段正在進行的動作。
e.g. At that time she was working in a PLA unit. 那時她在解放軍某部工作。
What were you doing this time yesterday?
與這個時態連用的時間狀語常用： at nine o'clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。
用 when 引導的時間狀語從句表示主句的動作正在進行的時間。
e.g. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
註：
1 、 while 引導時間狀語從句敘述過去的動作時，從句常用過去進行時。
e.g. I read a magazine while I was waiting for the bus.
2 、 when 用作並列連詞，意為「這時」，連接兩分句時，第一句多用過去進行時。
e.g. I was reading a newspaper when he came in.
一般過去時與過去進行時的區別：
一般過去時：強調過去某一時間開始或完成的動作。
過去進行時：強調過去某一時間正在進行的動作。
試區別下面兩句：
We were building a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我們在修建一座水庫。（可能尚未建成）
We built a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我們修建了一座水庫。（已經建成）
八、一般將來時主要用於： 表示將要發生的動作或情況
e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own.
與這個時態連用的時間狀語常用： tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。
一般將來時態與其它結構表將來情況的區別：
一般將來時態 ：主要從時間的角度表將要發生的動作或情況。
be going to 結構 ：①表（主觀上）打算或准備做某事時。 ②表有發生某事的預兆時。
e.g. They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.
據以上區別，故下面一句是錯的：
I am going to be eighteen years old next year. 應改為： I shall be eighteen years old next year.
be about to do sth 結構 ：意為「剛要做某事」、「馬上要做某事」強調時間之緊迫性。
e.g. We are about to discuss this problem. 我們將馬上討論這個問題。
be to do sth 結構： 表示按計劃、安排、規定將實施某事或表示註定會發生某事。
e.g. When is the train to leave. All these things are to be answered for.
及物動詞與不及物動詞
英語中按動詞後可否直接跟賓語，可把動詞分成及物動詞與和及物動詞。
1.及物動詞： 字典里詞後標有vt. 的就是及物動詞。及物動詞後必須跟有動作的對象（即賓語），可直接跟賓語。see 看見 (vt.) +賓語 I can see a boy.
2.不及物動詞：字典里詞後標有vi. 的就是不及物動詞。不及物動詞後不能直接跟有動作的對象（即賓語）。若要跟賓語，必須先在其後添加上某個介詞，如to,of ,at後方可跟上賓語。
具體每個動詞後究竟加什麼介詞就得背動詞短語了，如listen to,look at…..
3. 賓語（動作的對象）：是名詞或代詞，或相當於名詞的詞或短語（如動名詞）。其它詞不看作動作的對象呢。
4.舉例：「看」
(1)see 看見 (vt.) +賓語 I can see a boy.
(2)look 看 (vi.) x賓語(即不能直接加賓語). Look! She is singing.
Look carefully! (注意：carefully 是副詞，不是名詞，故不作賓語喲)
(3)look at 看…….+賓語 Look at me carefully! (me是代詞，作賓語了)
連系動詞
連系動詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨立作謂語,必須與表語一起構成謂語。
表語通常由名詞、形容詞,或相當於名詞或形容詞的詞或短語等充當,說明主語是什麼或怎麼樣。
一、 連系動詞的類型有：
1. "存在"類:表示存在或具有某種特徵或狀態.這類連系動詞強調"存在"。常見的有:be(是),look(看起來),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、顯得),prove(證明是),smell(聞起來),taste(嘗起來),sound(聽起來)等。例如:
The story sounds true.
Those oranges taste good.
2. "持續"類:表示某種情況或狀態的持續。這類連系動詞強調"持續"。常見的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(繼續、仍舊),stand(處於某狀況或情形)等。例如:
Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.
It's already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. What's the matter?
3. "變化"類:表示由一種情況或狀態變化成另一種情況或狀態。這類連系動詞強調"變化"後的情況或狀態.常見的有:become(變成), turn(變成), grow(變得), go(變得)等。例如:
Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.
二、注意事項
1. 有些連系動詞通常不用於被動語態和進行時態中。如:feel, taste等詞。例如:
-Do you like the material?
-Yes, it feels very soft.
2. 一般情況下,連系動詞主要跟形容詞或分詞作表語。例如:
Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car.
3. 能跟名詞作表語的連系動詞常見的有:be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain和turn等.注意:turn後跟(表示主語身份的)名詞作表語時,不加冠詞。例如:
Twenty years later, he turned teacher.
The population growth in China remains a problem.
4. 連系動詞也可跟不定式(to do / to be),常見的有:appear, seem, remain, prove, look等。例如:
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.
On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time.
終止性動詞與延續性動詞
終止性動詞指不會持續一段時間的動作,即動作在瞬間或短時間內完成。 例如:get arrive 這類動詞不與一段時間連用
終止性動詞:表示不能延續的動作,即動作發生後立即結束。如:begin,arrive, borrow, ...終止性動詞的肯定式是不能持續的,所以不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用,而終止性的否定式就可以和表一段時間的狀語.
一、延續性動詞和終止性動詞的概念
英語中，動詞按其動作發生的方式、動作發生過程的長短，可分為延續性動詞和終止性動詞。
延續性動詞表示能夠延續的動作，這種動作可以延續下去或產生持久影響。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
終止性動詞也稱非延續性動詞、瞬間動詞或短暫性動詞，表示不能延續的動作，這種動作發生後立即結束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延續性動詞的用法特徵
1.延續性動詞可以用於現在完成時，其完成時態可與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。表示"段時間"的短語有：for two years, ring the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自從我來到這兒就學英語了。
2.延續性動詞不能與表示短暫時間的"點時間"狀語連用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(誤) rain為延續性動詞，而at eight表示"點時間"，前後顯然矛盾。如果用延續性動詞表示一瞬間的動作，可以藉助come, begin, get等終止性動詞來表示。上句可改為：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.
三、終止性動詞的用法特徵
1.終止性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成，因此可用於現在完成時。如：
The train has arrived.火車到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎？
2.終止性動詞表示的動作極其短暫，不能持續。因此，不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定式)。如：
(1)他死了三年了。
誤：He has died for three years.
正：He has been dead for three years.
正：He died three years ago.
正：It is three years since he died.
正：Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他來這兒五天了。
誤：He has come here for five days.
正：He has been here for five days.
正：He came here five days ago.
正：It is five days since he came here.
正：Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come為終止性動詞，不能與表示"段時間"的狀語連用。那麼，應如何正確表達呢？可以採用下面的四種方法：
(1)將句中終止性動詞轉換為相應的延續性動詞，如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達方式。下面列舉幾例：leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)將句中表示"段時間"的狀語改為表示過去確定時間的狀語，如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段時間+since..."表達原意，如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達方式。
(4)用句型"時間+has passed+since..."表達原意，如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達方式。
3.終止性動詞可用於現在完成時否定式中，成為可以延續的狀態，因而可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.終止性動詞的否定式與until/till連用，構成"not+終止性動詞+until/till ..."的句型，意為"直到……才……"。如：
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能離開這里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫，我才上床睡覺。
5.終止性動詞可以用於when引導的時間狀語從句中，但不可以用於while引導的時間狀語從句中。when表示的時間是"點時間"(從句謂語動詞用終止性動詞)，也可以是"段時間"(從句謂語動詞用延續性動詞)。而while表示的是一個較長的時間或過程，從句謂語動詞用延續性動詞。如：
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach為終止性動詞)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away為延續性動詞短語)
6.終止性動詞完成時不可與how long連用(只限於肯定式)。如：
誤：How long have you come here?
正：How long have you been here?
正：When did you come here?

終止性動詞不用於進行時態,若是進行時態形式應譯成將來時態的意思。
終止性動詞和延續性動詞辨析 王嵩

英語動詞可以分為延續性動詞和終止性動詞。這兩種動詞在每年中考英語試題中出現率較高，筆者將其歸納分類，供同學們學習時參考。一、延續性動詞 延續性動詞表示的動作不但可以延續，而且可以產生持久的影響。常見的這類動詞有：be，have，keep，know，learn，lie，live，read，sing，sleep，stand，stay，wait，walk，watch等。延續性動詞的用法很廣，但常見於現在完成時中的句子中，且常與for，how，long，since等引導的表示一段時間的狀語或狀語從句連用。例如：1．I have learned more than 1，000 Chinese words since I came to China．自從來到中國，我已經學會了l，000多個漢字。2．We have lived in Linqing since we came here．自從來到這兒，我們就一直住在臨清。3．I have kept the picture for about three years．這張畫我保存了大約三年。 二、終止性動詞 終止性動詞又稱為瞬間動詞或非延續性動詞，它表示的動作不能延續，也就是說動作一旦發生就立即結束，並產生某種結果。常見的這類動詞有：accept，arrive，become，begin，borrow，break，buy，catch，close，come，die，end，fall，finish，get，give，go，join，leave，put，reach，receive，shut，start，stop等。終止性動詞用在現在完成時要注意下面三點： （一）終止性動詞可直接用來表示某一動作的完成。例如：1．They have reached Shanghai．他們已經到達了上海。2．Has he gone to London? 他已經到倫敦去了嗎? （二）終止性動詞表示的動作極其短暫，不能持續，所以，在現在完成時中一般不能和以since，for等引導的表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如：1．那老人已經死了一周了。The old man has died for a week．(誤)2．他三天前就已經來這兒了。He has come here since three days ago．(誤)在以上兩句中，die和come都是終止性動詞，可用於現在完成時，但不能與以since或for引導的表示一段時間的狀語連用。那麼，上面兩個句子應該怎樣譯成英語呢?請看下面四種譯法：1．把終止性動詞改為延續性的動詞。例如：①The old man has been dead for a week．②He has been here since three days ago．2．把原句中的一段時間改為表示「過去」的時間，時態由現在完成時改變成一般過去時。例如：①The old man died a week ago．②He came here three days ago．3．用「It is+時間+since…」句式。例如：①It is／has been a week since the old man died．②It has been／is three days since he came here．4．用「多長時間+has passed+since…」句式。例如：①A week has passed since the old men died．②Three days had passed since he came here． (三)有關特殊終止性動詞的用法。1．在while(表示一段時間)引導的從句里，謂語動詞不能使用終止性動詞，但可以把while改成when，這樣，從句里的謂語動詞就可以使用終止性動詞了。因為when既可以表示時間的「點」，又可以表示時間的「段」。例如：While he got to America．he found his English Was very poor．(誤)When he got t0 America．he found his English was very poor．(正)2．終止性動詞的否定式與until連用時，意為「直到……才／不到什麼時間不……」等。例如：Don』t get off until the bus stops．車未停穩，切勿下車。3．終止性動詞不可以與how long引導的句式連用。例如：How long have you borrowed the magazine?(誤)When did you borrow the magazine?(正)How long have you kept the magazine?(正)

終止性動詞與延緩性動詞的用法區別
上海市中國中學 黃文英

英語中的動詞，是學習中的重點，又是難點。英語中的動詞有多種分類法。根據其有無含義，動詞可分為實義動詞和助動詞；根據動詞所表示的是動作還是狀態，可以分為行為動詞和狀態動詞；根據動詞所表示的動作能否延緩，分為延續性動詞和終止性動詞。
可以表示持續的行為或狀態的動詞，叫做「延續性動詞」，也叫「持續性動詞」，如：be, keep, have, like, study, live, etc.
有的表示短暫、瞬間性的動詞，叫做「終止性動詞」，也可叫「短暫性動詞」，或「瞬間性動詞」，如die, join, leave, become, return, reach, etc.
終止性動詞構成的現在完成時，不可以用表示一段時間的狀語（如：since 和for引導的短語）來修飾，終止性動詞構成的現在完成時，只表示動作發生的因果關系，不能表示動作的延續，因此不能用表示一段時間的狀語來修飾。
如可以說：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area.
但不可說：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area for three days.
因為start是終止性動詞, 它所表示的動作短促, 當紅十字會出發時，start這個動作便結束了, 不可能延續兩天。
在十多年的教學生涯中，發現學生對於如何解決這對矛盾不知所措，下面我來歸納一下解決這對矛盾的四種方法。
用ago時間狀語短語來代替since或for引導的時間狀語：
eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years. (wrong)
Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago. (wrong)
應改為: He returned from America two years ago.
2．用It is… since…復合句代替簡單句
eg. It has been/is two years since Mr. Richard returned from America.
注意：以上兩種辦法適用於所有終止性動詞。
3．用相應的形容詞和副詞代替終止性動詞。
eg. Mr. Richard has been back from America for two years.
4．用延緩性動詞代替終止性動詞。
eg. He has gone to the Internet for six hours. (wrong)
應改為:He has been on the Internet for six hours.
但須注意：終止性動詞的否定式可以和since 或for 引導的時間狀語連用。因為終止性動詞的否定表示的是一種可以延續的狀態。
eg. I have heard from my friend in Africa for half a year. (wrong)
I haven』t heard from my friend in Africa for half a year.. (right)

此外，終止性動詞與延緩性動詞在翻譯上也不同，很易混淆。下面我再就終止性動詞與延緩性動詞的含義問題做一歸納：
1. 在連詞since引導的時間狀語從句中， 用終止性動詞的過去時或用延緩性動詞過去時，其含義是大不相同的。
A. since所引導的時間狀語從句中，如果句子謂語是終止性動詞的過去時， 則從句表示的時間是從「那一時刻開始」。
eg. He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
自從他來校以來，一貫努力學習。
B. 在since所引導的時間狀語從句中，其謂語是延緩性動詞的過去時，那麼從句所表示的時間是從延緩性動詞所表示的動作結束時算起。
eg. I haven』t heard any noise since I slept.
自從我醒後，沒聽見任何聲音。
介詞for引導的時間狀語，在翻譯時有兩種不同的情況：
A．介詞for引導的時間狀語和延緩性動詞的現在完成時的否定式連用時，有兩種不同的含義。
eg. He has not lived there for six months.
他不住在那兒已六個月了。（或： 他住在那兒還不到六個月。）
B．介詞for引導的時間狀語和終止性動詞的現在完成時的否定式連用，只有一種含義。
eg. Mary has not left here for six months.
瑪麗已六個月沒有離開過這兒了。
句中含有till 或until 引導的短語或從句，從句中的謂語動詞可以是延續性的，也可以是終止性的，但要注意兩種情況：
如果主句中動詞是延續性的動詞，動詞肯定或否定都可以，只是含義不同。
eg. He listened to the radio until his father came back.
他聽無線電一直到他父親回來為止。
eg. He didn』t listen to the radio until his father came back..
直到他父親回來，他才聽無線電。
如果主句中的謂語動詞是終止性動詞，則只能用否定式。
eg. Mr. Smith didn』t marry until he was forty- five. (right)
史密斯先生到四十五歲才結婚。
Mr. Smith married until he was forty-five. (wrong)

Ⅳ 牛津英語（深圳版）7B 所有語法句型&知識點

offer sb sthoffer sth to sbprovide sb with sthplan to do sthbe harmful to=be bad for人spend時onsth/doing sthIt take人 時/錢to do sthhad better do sth had better not to do sth

Ⅵ 譯林版牛津英語7b語法總匯

7B Unit 3短語、句子、語法學習筆記
〖備注〗理解記憶句型，尤其注意關鍵詞
三、重點、難點、考點解析
1. They read a story about robbers in a city in the USA.
一、 他們看了一個關於美國一座城市裡的盜賊的故事。片語或短語
序號 Chinese English
1. 全世界 all over the world
2. 在十字路口 at a crossroads

3. 立刻；馬上 at once = right away

4. 在…..的另一邊 at the other side of…..

5. 在某地的北面 be north of sw.

6. 打電話向某人求救 call sb. for help

7. 向山上爬 climb up the hill

8. (步行)穿過 cross = go/walk across

9. 開車離開/ 跑走 drive/run away

10. 開車去……/ 跑去….. drive/run to ……

11. 接/收 到一個電話 get a call = receive a call

12. 進入小汽車 / 從小汽車里出 get into/ out of the car

13. 乘公共汽車去……. go (to)……by bus = take a bus (to)….

14. 去露營 go camping

15. 出郊遊 go on an outing

16. 穿過隧道 go through the tunnel

17. 學生中的一半 half of the students

18. 舉行野餐/燒烤 have a picnic / barbecue

19. 最後
in the end =at last=finally

20. 跳進小汽車 / 從小汽車里跳 jump into/ out of the car

21. 住在附近 live nearby

22. 成百萬的 millions of……

23. 在網站上 on the websites

24. 將某人推進一個貨車的後部 push sb. into the back of a van

25. 看地圖 read a map

26. 跑進樓房 / 從樓房裡跑出來 run into/ out of the building

27. 升篝火 start a campfire

28. 在紅綠燈處停下來 stop at the traffic lights

29. 游泳穿過池子 swim across the pool

30. 走別一條線路 take another route

31. 走不同的線路 take different routes

32. 三個穿著警服的男人 three men in police uniform

33. 向左拐進………路 turn left into …. Road

34. 走過；步行經過 walk past

35. 朝……走 walk towards…
36. 沿著/順著……..走 walk/go along/ up/down……

37. 一直向前走 walk/go straight on

二、重點句型
1．ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人（不）做某事
ask/tell sb. about sth. 詢問/告訴某人有關某事
2．be afraid （+that賓從）
be afraid of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物
be afraid to do sth./ be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事
3．be happy/glad/pleased to do sth. 開心做某事情
4．be sure (+that從句)
be sure of sth. 對某事有把握
be sure to do sth. 務必做到某事
5．be surprised at sth. 因為某事而吃驚
be surprised to do sth 做某事很吃驚
6．invite sb to do sth 邀請某人去某地
invite sb. to sw. 邀請某人去某地
7．stop doing sth 停止目前手中做的事情
stop to do sth. 停下來去做另一件事情
8．try (not) to do sth 努力/嘗試（不）做某事
9．use sth1 to do sth2.= do sth2 with sth1 使用某物去做某事

【短語】tell a story 講故事 a story about … 一個關於……的故事
【詞形】robber n. 強盜 rob v. 搶 thief n. 小偷 steal v. 偷
【搭配】rob sb. of sth. 搶了某人某物 steal sth. from sb. 偷了某人某物
【例句】The robbers robbed me of my wallet. 那些強盜搶了我的錢包。
【例句】The thieves stole the money from Susan. 那些小偷偷了Susan的錢。
2. One day they got a call. 一天他們接到了一個電話。
【短語】one day 一天(常用過去式，不可說a day，可以用the other day
【短語】get a call 接到一個電話 answer the phone 接電話
3. help語法搭配
【搭配】help sb. with sth. 在某方面幫助某人 get help from sb. 從某人那兒獲得幫助
【搭配】help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人干某事 ask (sb.) for help (向某人)求助
【搭配】with the help of sb. / with one』s help 在某人的幫助下
【搭配】help oneself to sth. 隨便吃點什麼
4、be afraid to do sth 和 be afraid of doing sth 考點區別
【解析】be afraid to do 指的是按照經驗或常識不敢去做某事，或沒有勇氣去做某事。
如：I』m afraid to jump into the river. 我不敢跳進河中。
【解析】be afraid of doing 主要用來談論一件自己(指句子主語)不希望也不能決定而可能突然發生在自己頭上的事，這種事往往帶有一種疑懼性，即可能發生也可能不發生，只是自己有這樣一種得心(即擔心發生)。此時不能用 be afraid to do 搭配。
【例句】She was afraid of waking her husband. 她怕吵醒她丈夫。
請再體會下列句子：
【例句】I』m afraid to speak English before so many people because I』m afraid of making mistakes.
我不敢在那麼多人面前說英語，因為我怕出錯。
【例句】They are afraid to swim because they are afraid of drowning.
他們不敢游泳，因為他們擔心會被淹死。
四、學習易誤點點撥
1.I want to know what doing next.(錯誤)
I wan to know what to do next.(正確)
【點撥】這是一個賓語從句中的搭配： 疑問代詞/副詞+不定式。又如：
【例句】Can you tell me when to leave tomorrow? 你能告訴我什麼時候離開嗎？
2. I opened the door use my knife. (錯誤)
I opened the door with my knife. (正確)
【點撥】這里的用小刀為狀語，所以要用介詞搭配 with my knife
use my knife 是一個動詞的片語，可以與with介詞搭配進行同意句的改寫。
【例句】I used the knife to open the door.===I opened the door with my knife.
3. He swims cross the river easily. (錯誤)
He swims across the river easily. (正確)
【點撥】cross 是動詞在句中做謂語，而across是介詞在句中與動詞連用作動詞片語。
【例句】He crossed the road carefully.=He went across the road carefully.他小心翼翼地過了馬路。
4. We were playing football. Would you like to take part in us? (錯誤)
We were playing football. Would you like to join us in it? (正確)
【點撥】take part in 是指參加一次活動（會議等）。
【例句】Did he take part in the discussion yesterday?他昨天參加討論了嗎？
join是指加入某個團體/組織，成為永久成員。join the party 入黨。
也可以是join sb in sth加入某人做某事的行列。Join sb (in) doing sth
【例句】Can you join us (in) playing football?
5 .There is going to have a meeting tomorrow. (錯誤)
There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. (正確)
【點撥】there be 搭配表示存在，當這個搭配與將來是連用的時候用there is going to be/there will be ,而不可以誤認為是開會(have a meeting)這個片語。
6．Look at those clouds.It will rain. (錯誤)
Look at those clouds.It is going to rain. (正確)
【點撥】be going to 搭配: 表預測。指根據跡象推測，而且馬上或很快就要發生。
【擴展】表示主語進行某一將來行動的打算、意圖。這種打算常經過預先考慮並含有自己做好某些准備的意思，因此通常表達的行動很可能會見諸實踐。
【例句】I』m going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday.。

Ⅶ 深圳牛津7B版七年級下冊英語書的所有語法知識點總結，語法！要全啊

7B Unit 3短語、句子、語法學習筆記
〖備注〗理解記憶句型，尤其注意關鍵詞
三、重點、難點、考點解析
1. They read a story about robbers in a city in the USA.
一、 他們看了一個關於美國一座城市裡的盜賊的故事。片語或短語
序號 Chinese English
1. 全世界 all over the world
2. 在十字路口 at a crossroads

3. 立刻；馬上 at once = right away

4. 在…..的另一邊 at the other side of…..

5. 在某地的北面 be north of sw.

6. 打電話向某人求救 call sb. for help

7. 向山上爬 climb up the hill

8. (步行)穿過 cross = go/walk across

9. 開車離開/ 跑走 drive/run away

10. 開車去……/ 跑去….. drive/run to ……

11. 接/收 到一個電話 get a call = receive a call

12. 進入小汽車 / 從小汽車里出 get into/ out of the car

13. 乘公共汽車去……. go (to)……by bus = take a bus (to)….

14. 去露營 go camping

15. 出郊遊 go on an outing

16. 穿過隧道 go through the tunnel

17. 學生中的一半 half of the students

18. 舉行野餐/燒烤 have a picnic / barbecue

19. 最後
in the end =at last=finally

20. 跳進小汽車 / 從小汽車里跳 jump into/ out of the car

21. 住在附近 live nearby

22. 成百萬的 millions of……

23. 在網站上 on the websites

24. 將某人推進一個貨車的後部 push sb. into the back of a van

25. 看地圖 read a map

26. 跑進樓房 / 從樓房裡跑出來 run into/ out of the building

27. 升篝火 start a campfire

28. 在紅綠燈處停下來 stop at the traffic lights

29. 游泳穿過池子 swim across the pool

30. 走別一條線路 take another route

31. 走不同的線路 take different routes

32. 三個穿著警服的男人 three men in police uniform

33. 向左拐進………路 turn left into …. Road

34. 走過；步行經過 walk past

35. 朝……走 walk towards…
36. 沿著/順著……..走 walk/go along/ up/down……

37. 一直向前走 walk/go straight on

二、重點句型
1．ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人（不）做某事
ask/tell sb. about sth. 詢問/告訴某人有關某事
2．be afraid （+that賓從）
be afraid of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物
be afraid to do sth./ be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事
3．be happy/glad/pleased to do sth. 開心做某事情
4．be sure (+that從句)
be sure of sth. 對某事有把握
be sure to do sth. 務必做到某事
5．be surprised at sth. 因為某事而吃驚
be surprised to do sth 做某事很吃驚
6．invite sb to do sth 邀請某人去某地
invite sb. to sw. 邀請某人去某地
7．stop doing sth 停止目前手中做的事情
stop to do sth. 停下來去做另一件事情
8．try (not) to do sth 努力/嘗試（不）做某事
9．use sth1 to do sth2.= do sth2 with sth1 使用某物去做某事

【短語】tell a story 講故事 a story about … 一個關於……的故事
【詞形】robber n. 強盜 rob v. 搶 thief n. 小偷 steal v. 偷
【搭配】rob sb. of sth. 搶了某人某物 steal sth. from sb. 偷了某人某物
【例句】The robbers robbed me of my wallet. 那些強盜搶了我的錢包。
【例句】The thieves stole the money from Susan. 那些小偷偷了Susan的錢。
2. One day they got a call. 一天他們接到了一個電話。
【短語】one day 一天(常用過去式，不可說a day，可以用the other day
【短語】get a call 接到一個電話 answer the phone 接電話
3. help語法搭配
【搭配】help sb. with sth. 在某方面幫助某人 get help from sb. 從某人那兒獲得幫助
【搭配】help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人干某事 ask (sb.) for help (向某人)求助
【搭配】with the help of sb. / with one』s help 在某人的幫助下
【搭配】help oneself to sth. 隨便吃點什麼
4、be afraid to do sth 和 be afraid of doing sth 考點區別
【解析】be afraid to do 指的是按照經驗或常識不敢去做某事，或沒有勇氣去做某事。
如：I』m afraid to jump into the river. 我不敢跳進河中。
【解析】be afraid of doing 主要用來談論一件自己(指句子主語)不希望也不能決定而可能突然發生在自己頭上的事，這種事往往帶有一種疑懼性，即可能發生也可能不發生，只是自己有這樣一種得心(即擔心發生)。此時不能用 be afraid to do 搭配。
【例句】She was afraid of waking her husband. 她怕吵醒她丈夫。
請再體會下列句子：
【例句】I』m afraid to speak English before so many people because I』m afraid of making mistakes.
我不敢在那麼多人面前說英語，因為我怕出錯。
【例句】They are afraid to swim because they are afraid of drowning.
他們不敢游泳，因為他們擔心會被淹死。
四、學習易誤點點撥
1.I want to know what doing next.(錯誤)
I wan to know what to do next.(正確)
【點撥】這是一個賓語從句中的搭配： 疑問代詞/副詞+不定式。又如：
【例句】Can you tell me when to leave tomorrow? 你能告訴我什麼時候離開嗎？
2. I opened the door use my knife. (錯誤)
I opened the door with my knife. (正確)
【點撥】這里的用小刀為狀語，所以要用介詞搭配 with my knife
use my knife 是一個動詞的片語，可以與with介詞搭配進行同意句的改寫。
【例句】I used the knife to open the door.===I opened the door with my knife.
3. He swims cross the river easily. (錯誤)
He swims across the river easily. (正確)
【點撥】cross 是動詞在句中做謂語，而across是介詞在句中與動詞連用作動詞片語。
【例句】He crossed the road carefully.=He went across the road carefully.他小心翼翼地過了馬路。
4. We were playing football. Would you like to take part in us? (錯誤)
We were playing football. Would you like to join us in it? (正確)
【點撥】take part in 是指參加一次活動（會議等）。
【例句】Did he take part in the discussion yesterday?他昨天參加討論了嗎？
join是指加入某個團體/組織，成為永久成員。join the party 入黨。
也可以是join sb in sth加入某人做某事的行列。Join sb (in) doing sth
【例句】Can you join us (in) playing football?
5 .There is going to have a meeting tomorrow. (錯誤)
There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. (正確)
【點撥】there be 搭配表示存在，當這個搭配與將來是連用的時候用there is going to be/there will be ,而不可以誤認為是開會(have a meeting)這個片語。
6．Look at those clouds.It will rain. (錯誤)
Look at those clouds.It is going to rain. (正確)
【點撥】be going to 搭配: 表預測。指根據跡象推測，而且馬上或很快就要發生。
【擴展】表示主語進行某一將來行動的打算、意圖。這種打算常經過預先考慮並含有自己做好某些准備的意思，因此通常表達的行動很可能會見諸實踐。
【例句】I』m going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday.。

． live in a palace / live next to a restaurant / live in a wooden house

2． Which is your favourite restaurant ? The biggest one.

3． Countries and capitals: The capital of the USA is Washington DC.

The UK----- London; France------ Paris; Japan------ Tokyo;

Russia------ Moscow; Thailand---- Bangkok; China ---- Beijing;

Australia---- Canberra; Italy ----- Rome; Germany----- Berlin

4. Mount Fuji / the Statue of Liberty / the Eiffel Tower / Big Ben

5. homes in different countries / homes around the world

6. sit on the big floor cushions / look out at the beach and the sea

7. live with my family in a wooden house / live in a flat on a busy street

= live in a wooden house with my family

8. climb a ladder to get into my house / play on the balcony

9. It rains a lot. = There is a lot of rain there.

10. My family and I often sit in the kitchen while my mother makes dinner.

11. I share a bedroom with my sister.

12. cook meals in the kitchen / eat meals in a dining-room /

lie on the bunk bed

13. 方位介詞：in front of / behind; on the right side / on the left side; in the middle of; above / below; over / under; near / next to / beside; oppside; between / among; in / at /on; inside / outside ; at the top of

14. 數詞：1）基數詞與序數詞； 2）數詞讀法（大數；電話號碼；小數）

15. arrive in / at arrive in Beijing / arrive at our school

16. can』t wait to do sth.

17. have a free day

18. What else are we going? Who else / Where else / something else

19. the Great Wall / the Summer Palace / the Space Museum / the Palace Museum / a green house

20. That sounds great. / This piece of music sounds very beautiful.

21. Daniel got 118 points in the exam and came 1st in his class.

22. be (really) different from

23. phone sb.= call sb. (on the phone) = ring sb. (up) = give sb. a call / a ring

24. May I speak to…? = Can / Could I speak to…?

25. Who』s calling, please? = Who』s that, please ?

26. take a message for sb.

27. Please ask him to call me. (ask sb. to do sth. )

28. What kind of home do you live in?

29. at least

30. There are no other rooms on the second floor.

31. There is also amming-pool which is 50 metres long.

32. This means (that) a lot of people can have a shower or a bath at the same time.

33. Mary lives six floors below Wendy. She lives on the fifth floor.

34. Simon wants to tell Neil where his neighbours live.

35. Keep quiet. Please!

36. The people here are very friendly to us.

37. grow some flowers / grow up

38. lie on the ground / lie in bed

39. above the air conditioner / in front of the bookshelf / opposite the window

40. keep the room clean and tidy