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八年級上英語人教版語法短語

發布時間:2021-02-09 06:20:52

Ⅰ 八年級上冊英語重點語法.短語

1. 人稱代詞<br> 主格: I we you she he it they<br> 賓格: me us you her him it them<br> 形容詞性物主代詞:my our your her his its their<br> 名詞性物主代詞: mine ours yours hers his its theirs<br> <br> 2.形容詞和副詞的比較級<br> (1) 一般在形容詞或副詞後+er<br> older taller longer stronger, etc<br> (2) 多音節詞前+more<br> more interesting, etc.<br> (3) 雙寫最後一個字母,再+er<br> bigger fatter, etc.<br> (4) 把y變i,再+er<br> heavier, earlier<br> (5) 不規則變化:<br> well-better, much/many-more, etc.<br> <br> 3.可數詞的復數形式<br> Most nouns + s a book –books<br> Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories<br> Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches<br> Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes<br> Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves<br> <br> 4.不可數名詞(單復數形式不變)<br> bread, rice, water ,juice etc.<br> <br> 5. 縮略形式<br> I』m = I am you』re = you are she』s = she is he』s = he is<br> it』s = it is who』s =who is can』t =can not isn』t=is not etc<br> <br> 6. a/an<br> a book, a peach<br> an egg an hour<br> <br> 7. Preposition:<br> on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.<br> 表示時間: at six o』clock, at Christmas, at breakfast<br> on Monday on 15th July On National Day<br> in the evening in December in winter<br> <br> 8. 基數詞和序數詞<br> one – first two-second twenty-twentieth<br> <br> 9. Some /any<br> I have some toys in my bedroom.<br> Do you have any brothers or sisters?<br> <br> 10. be 動詞<br> (1) Basic form: am/are/is<br> (2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.<br> My eyes are(not) small.<br> My hair is(not) long.<br> (3)一般疑問句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren』t.<br> Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren』t.<br> Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn』t.<br> <br> 11. there be 結構<br> 肯定句: There is a …<br> There are …<br> 一般疑問句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn』t.<br> Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren』t.<br> 否定句: There isn』t …. There aren』t….<br> <br> 12. 祈使句<br> Sit down please<br> Don』t sit down, please.<br> <br> 13. 現在進行時.通常用「now」.<br> 形式: be + verb +ing<br> eg: I am(not) doing my homework.<br> You/We/They are(not) reading.<br> He/She/It is(not) eating.<br> <br> 動詞 —ing 的形式<br> Most verbs +ing walk—walking<br> Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming<br> Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming<br> <br> 14 一般現在時。通常用 「usually, often, every day, sometimes」。<br> 形式:<br> 肯定句:<br> I go to school on foot every day.<br> She goes to school on foot every day

Ⅱ 人教版八年級英語語法和片語 全面的

Unit 1
1. how often 多久一次
2. hardly ever 幾乎不
3. as for 至於
4. junk food 垃圾食品
5. a lot of 許多
6. of course 當然
7. look after 照顧
8. do exercise 鍛煉
9. make a difference 有區別\有重要性
10. surf the Internet 瀏覽網際網路
11. Animal World 動物世界
12. do homework 做家庭作業
13. a healthy lifestyle 健康生活方式
14. get good grades 獲得好成績
15. get up 起床easye.2000y.net
16. keep in good health 保持健康
17. once or twice a week 每周一兩次
18. eating habits 飲食習慣
19. ten to eleven times 十到十一次
20. pretty healthy 相當健康
21. go to the movie 去看電影
22. watch TV 看電視
23. read books 看書
24. the result for「watch TV」看電視調查結果
25. be good for 對……有益
26. want sb. to do sth. 想讓某人做某事
27. try to do sth. 試著做某事
28. how many hours 多少小時

Unit 2
1. have a cold 患感冒
2. a few 有些
3. at the moment 此時/現在
4. have a stomachache 肚子疼
5. have a sore throat 嗓子疼
6. have a fever 發燒
7. lie down 躺下
8. see a dentist 看牙醫
9. have a headache 頭疼
10. have a toothache 牙疼
11. hot tea with honey 熱茶加蜂蜜
12. stressed out 緊張
13. go to bed early 早睡覺
14. listen to music 聽音樂
15. go to party 參加音樂會
16. on the other hand 在另一方面
17. stay healthy 保持健康
18. have a sore back 背疼
19. traditional Chinese doctors 傳統中醫
20. a balance of yin and yang 陰陽平衡
21. too much 太多
22. a balanced diet 飲食平衡
23. go out at night 在晚上出去
24. feel well 感覺舒服
25. conversation practice 對話練習
26. host family 房東
27. give sb a fever 導致某人發燒

Unit 3
1. at home 在家
2. how long 多久
3. get back 回來
4. think about 思考
5. decide on 決定\選定
6. theGreat Wall 長城
7. go fishing 去釣魚
8. take a vacation 去度假
9. something different 不同的東西
10. go camping 去野營
11. go hiking 徒步行
12. show sb. sth. 給某人看某物
13. have a good time 玩得愉快
14. go bike riding 騎自行車行
15. go sightseeing 去觀光
16. go fishing 去釣魚
17. rent videos 租錄像帶
18. take walks 去散步
19. vacation plans 假期計劃
20. plan to do sth. 計劃去做某事
21. make a movie 拍一部電影
22. go swimming 去釣魚
23. go shopping 去購物

Unit 4
1. get to school 到校
2. ride a bike 騎自行車
3. take the subway 乘地鐵
4. take the train 乘火車
5. take a bus 乘公共氣車 / by bus
6. take a taxi 乘計程車
7. walk to school 走到學校
8. how far 多遠easye.2000y.net
9. bus station 公共氣車站\bus stop
10. have a quick breakfast 匆匆吃過早飯
11. leave for 前往
12. the early bus 早班
13. the bus ride 公共氣車之行
14. at about six-thirty 在大約六點半
15. around the world 全世界
16. North America 在北美
17. means of transportation 交通方式
18. a number of / the number of
19. on weekends 在周末
20. be ill in the hospital 生病住院
21. a map in Chinese 中文地圖
22. speak Chinese 講漢語
23. thank you so much 這樣感謝你
24. don't worry 不要擔心

Unit 5
1. 來參加我的晚會 come to my party
2. 在周六下午 on Saturday afternoon
3. 上鋼琴課 have a piano lesson
4. 去看醫生 go to the doctor
5. 太多家庭作業 too much homework
6. 謝謝邀請 Thanks for asking.
7. 玩得高興 have fun
8. 去商業街 go to the mall
9. 棒球比賽 baseball game
10. 後天 the day after tomorrow
11. 為考試而學習 study for a test
12. 多謝邀請 Thanks a lot for the invitation.
13. 在度假期 be on vacation
14. 保持安靜 keep quiet
15. 打網球 play tennis
16. 足球比賽 football match
17. 文化俱樂部 culture club
18. 整天 the whole day
19. 過來 come over to
20. 去看牙醫 go to the dentist
21. 來加入我們。 Come and join us.
22. 我願意。 I'd love to.
23. 下一次 another time
24. 臨時照看他的妹妹 babysit his sister

Unit 6
1. 在某些方面 in some ways
2. 看起來一樣 look the same
3. 看起來不同 look different
4. 喜歡參加晚會 enjoy going to the parties
5. 多於;超過 more than
6. 共用;共有 in common
7. 同……一樣…… as … as …
8. 擅長; 在…方面做得好 be good at
9. 與……一樣 the same as
10. 使我大笑 make me laugh
11. 大多數 most of
12. 與……不同 be different from
13. 相反的觀點 opposite views
14. 善待孩子們 be good with children
15. 喜歡講笑話 enjoy telling jokes
16. 招聘老師 teacher wanted
17. 停止講話 stop talking
18. 呆在家 stay at home

Review of units 1--6
1. 以……開始 begin with
2. 游泳池 swimming pool
3. 一起;總共 all together

Unit 7easye.2000y.net
1. 打開 turn on
2. 切碎 cut up
3. 把……倒進…… pour … into
4. 剝去香蕉皮 peel the bananas
5. 多少 how many / much
6. 一匙…… one teaspoon of
7. 做水果沙拉 make fruit salad
8. 放進 put in
9. 一杯 a cup of
10. 混合在一起 mix up
11. 一片麵包 a slice of bread
12. 把……放在……上 put … on …
13. 把……加到……上 add … to …
14. 在頂部 on the top
15. 一個……的食譜 a recipe for

Unit 8
1. 郊遊 school trip
2. 去水族館 go to the aquarium
3. 閑逛 hang out
4. 照相 take photos
5. 其餘什麼 what else
6. 得到他的親筆簽名 get his autograph
7. 旅遊者中心 the Visitors' Center
8. 在那之後 after that
9. 戶外水池 the Outdoor Pool
10. 禮品店 the Gift Shop
11. 在一天結束時 at the end of the day
12. 乘地鐵 take the subway
13. 睡懶覺 sleep late
14. 開車兜風 go for a drive
15. 上課 take a class
16. 在我的下一個休息日on my next day off
17. 一個繁忙的休息日 a busy day off
18. 整天 all dayeasye.2000y.net
19. 看錄像 watch videos
20. 玩電腦游戲 play computer games
21. 把……拿出來 put … out
22. 在院子里 in the yard
23. 舉行一次庭院出售 have a yard sale
24. 有點無聊 kind of boring
25. 沒有一個人 no one
26. 據我看來 in my opinion
27. 很快見到你 See you soon.
28. 將來 in the future
29. 從……回來 come back from
30. 與……在一起 be with sb.

Unit 9
1. 國際體育明星 international stars
2. 打破紀錄 break the record
3. 太……以致於不能…… too … to …
4. 打高爾夫球 play golf
5. 一位了不起的中國乒乓球運動員 a great Chinese ping-pong player
6. 世界紀錄名冊 Book of world records
7. 世界打嗝/打噴嚏紀錄 hiccupping / sneezing world record
8. 在這樣的一小時內 in such an hour
9. 由於 because of
10. 出生 be born
11. 成為一個明星 become a movie star
12. 學會騎自行車 learn to ride a bicycle
13. 一個著名的小提琴家/鋼琴家 a famous violinist / pianist
14. 開始滑冰start ice skating
15. 一位善良而慈愛的奶奶 a kind and loving grandmother
16. 成為一位滑冰冠軍 become a skating champion
17. 在美國巡迴演出 tour the U.S.
18. 學手風琴 learn the accordion
19. 參加 take part ineasye.2000y.net
20. 在國際肖邦鋼琴大賽上 in the Chopin International Piano Competition
21. 獲一等獎 win the first prize
22. 健在 be alive
23. 上清華大學 go to Tsinghua University
24. 主修;主研 major in
25. 女子單打選手 a women's singles player

Unit 10
1. 程序師 a computer programmer
2. 學習計算機科學 study computer science
3. 專業演員 a professional actor
4. 上表演課 take acting lessons
5. 練籃球 practice basketball
6. 長大 grow upeasye.2000y.net
7. 搬到有意思的地方 move somewhere interesting
8. 聽看來像 sound like
9. 時裝表演 fashion shows
10. 時尚雜志的記者 a reporter for a fashion magazine
11. 找份兼職工作 get a part-time job
12. 同時 at the same time
13. 舉行藝術展 hold art exhibitions
14. 取得好成績 get good grades
15. 上吉它課 take guitar lessons
16. 學習外語 learn a foreign language
17. 加大鍛煉量 get a lot of exercise
18. 保持健康 keep fiteasye.2000y.net
19. 周遊世界 travel all over the world
20. 寄到…… send … to
21. 新年決定 New Year's Resolutions
22. 與……交流 communicate with

Unit 11
1. 洗碗 do the dishes
2. 掃地 sweep the floor
3. 倒垃圾 take out the trash
4. 鋪床 make the / one's bed
5. 折疊衣服 fold one's clothes
6. 打掃起居室 clean the living room
7. 讓某人搭便車 give sb a ride
8. 開會 have a meeting
9. 忙於做某事 work on sth.
10. 做家務 do chores
11. 洗車 wash the car
12. 呆在外邊 be outside
13. 向某人借某物 borrow sth from sb.
14. 洗衣服 do the laundry
15. 邀請某人去某地 invite sb to somewhere
16. 去商店 go to the store
17. 買飲料和零食 buy drinks and snacks
18. 帶某人做某事 take sb. for sth.
19. 忘記做某事 forget to do sth.
20. 搬新家 move to a new house
21. 從事 work oneasye.2000y.net
22. 向某人尋求幫助 ask sb. for help
23. 厭惡做某事 hate to do/doing sth.
24. 照顧 take care of
25. 生氣 get angryeasye.2000y.net
26. 英語課外作業 English project
27. 去渡假 go on vacation
28. 需要一些幫助 need some help
29. 飼養狗 feed dogs
30. 做早餐 make breakfast
31. 做鬼臉 make a face
32. 在……的幫助下 with the help of

Unit 12
1. 舒適的座位 comfortable seats
2. 大屏幕 big screens
3. 友好的服務 friendly service
4. 離家近 close to home
5. 在城裡有趣的地方 in a fun part of town
6. 最好的電影院 the best movie theatre
7. 服裝店 a clothing store
8. 電台 a radio station
9. 質量好的衣服 good quality clothes
10. 相當差 pretty bad
11. 最有趣的人 the funniest person
12. 質量最差 the worst quality
13. 最佳表演者 the best performer
14. 才藝展示 talent show
15. 做……調查 do a survey of
16. ……的價格 the price of
17. 削價 cut one's price
18. 在中國的北部 in the north of China
19. 冰雪節 Ice and Snow Festival
20. 海南省 Hainan Province
21. 特價屋 Bargain House

Ⅲ 初二上學期英語語法固定搭配短語

1) leave的用法

1.「leave+地點」表示「離開某地」。例如:

When did you leave Shanghai?

你什麼時候離開上海的?

2.「leave for+地點」表示「動身去某地」。例如:

Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.

下周五,愛麗斯要去倫敦了。

3.「leave+地點+for+地點」表示「離開某地去某地」。例如:

Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?

你為什麼要離開上海去北京?

2) 情態動詞should「應該」學會使用

should作為情態動詞用,常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等,有「竟會」的意思,例如:

How should I know? 我怎麼知道?

Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什麼來得這么晚?

should有時表示應當做或發生的事,例如:

We should help each other.我們應當互相幫助。

我們在使用時要注意以下幾點:

1. 用於表示「應該」或「不應該」的概念。此時常指長輩教導或責備晚輩。例如:

You should be here with clean hands. 你應該把手洗干凈了再來。

2. 用於提出意見勸導別人。例如:

You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感覺不舒服,你最好去看醫生。

3. 用於表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現的考點之一。例如:

We should arrive by supper time. 我們在晚飯前就能到了。

She should be here any moment. 她隨時都可能來。

3) What...? 與 Which...?

1. what 與 which 都是疑問代詞,都可以指人或事物,但是what僅用來詢問職業。如:

What is your father? 你父親是干什麼的?

該句相當於:

What does your father do?

What is your father's job?

Which 指代的是特定范圍內的某一個人。如:
---Which is Peter? 哪個是皮特?

---The boy behind Mary. 瑪麗背後的那個男孩。

2. What...?是泛指,所指的事物沒有范圍的限制;而 Which...?是特指,所指的事物有范圍的限制。如:

What color do you like best? (所有顏色)

你最喜愛什麼顏色?

Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? (有特定的范圍)

你最喜愛哪一種顏色?

3. what 與 which 後都可以接單、復數名詞和不可數名詞。如:

Which pictures are from China?

哪些圖片來自中國?

4) 頻度副詞的位置

1.常見的頻度副詞有以下這些:

always(總是,一直)

usually(通常)

often(常常,經常)

sometimes(有時候)

never(從不)

2.頻度副詞的位置:

a.放在連系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞後面。如:

David is often arrives late for school.

大衛上學經常遲到。

b.放在行為動詞前。如:

We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.

我們每天經常在7:10去上學。

c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾,用來表示強調。如:

Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.

有時我步行回家,有時我騎自行車。

3.never放在句首時,主語、謂語動詞要倒裝。如:

Never have I been there.
5) every day 與 everyday

1. every day 作狀語,譯為「每一天」。如:

We go to school at 7:10 every day.

我們每天7:10去上學。

I decide to read English every day.

我決定每天讀英語。

2. everyday 作定語,譯為「日常的」。

She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.

她晚飯後在電視上看日常英語。

What's your everyday activity?

你的日常活動是什麼?

6) 什麼是助動詞
1.協助主要動詞構成謂語動詞片語的詞叫助動詞(Auxiliary Verb)。被協助的動詞稱作主要動詞(Main Verb)。
助動詞自身沒有詞義,不可單獨使用,例如:
He doesn't like English. 他不喜歡英語。
(doesn't是助動詞,無詞義;like是主要動詞,有詞義)
2.助動詞協助主要動詞完成以下功用,可以用來:
a. 表示時態,例如:
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已結婚。
b. 表示語態,例如:
He was sent to England. 他被派往英國。
c. 構成疑問句,例如:
Do you like college life? 你喜歡大學生活嗎?
Did you study English before you came here?你來這兒之前學過英語嗎?
d. 與否定副詞not合用,構成否定句,例如:
I don't like him. 我不喜歡他。
e. 加強語氣,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會。
He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。
3.最常用的助動詞有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would

7) forget doing/to do與remember doing/to do

1.forget to do 忘記要去做某事。 (未做)
forget doing 忘記做過某事。 (已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
辦公室的燈還在亮著,它忘記關了。(沒有做關燈的動作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘記他已經關了燈了。 ( 已做過關燈的動作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
別忘了明天來。 (to come動作未做)
典型例題
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off

C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案:C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著,即關燈的動作沒有發生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示燈已經關上了,而自己忘記了這一事實。此處不符合題意。

2.remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做)
remember doing 記得做過某事 (已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
記著放學後去趟郵局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?

8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.

1.for sb. 常用於表示事物的特徵特點,表示客觀形式的形容詞,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學兩門外語是很難的。
2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主觀感情或態度的形容詞,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我,你真是太好了。
3.for 與of 的辨別方法:
用介詞後面的代詞作主語,用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語,造個句子。如果道理上通順用of,不通則用for。如:
You are nice. (通順,所以應用of)。
He is hard. (人是困難的,不通,因此應用for。)

9) 對兩個句子的提問

新目標英語在命題中有將對句子劃線提問這一題型取消的趨勢,現在採取的作法是對一個句子進行自由提問。例如:

句子:The boy in blue has three pens.

提問:1.Who has three pens?

2.Which boy has three pens?

3.What does the boy in blue have?
4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?

很顯然,學生多了更多的回答角度,也體現了考試的靈活性。再如:

句子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.

提問:1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?

5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?

6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?

10) so、such與不定冠詞的使用

1.so與不定冠詞a、an連用,結構為「so+形容詞+a/an+名詞」。如:

He is so funny a boy.

Jim has so big a house.

2.such與不定冠詞a、an連用,結構為「such+a/an+形容詞+名詞」。如:

It is such a nice day.

That was such an interesting story.

11) 使用-ing分詞的幾種情況

1.在進行時態中。如:

He is watching TV in the room.

They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.

2.在there be結構中。如:

There is a boy swimming in the river.

3.在have fun/problems結構中。如:

We have fun learning English this term.

They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.

4.在介詞後面。如:

Thanks for helping me.

Are you good at playing basketball.
5.在以下結構中:

enjoy doing sth 樂於做某事

finish doing sth 完成做某事

feel like doing sth 想要做某事

stop doing sth 停止做某事

forget doing sth 忘記做過某事

go on doing sth 繼續做某事

remember doing sth 記得做過某事

like doing sth 喜歡做某事

keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事

find sb doing sth 發現某人做某事

see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/聽到/觀看某人做某事

try doing sth 試圖做某事

need doing sth 需要做某事

prefer doing sth 寧願做某事

mind doing sth 介意做某事

practice doing sth 練習做某事

be busy doing sth 忙於做某事

can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事

miss doing sth 錯過做某事

12) 英語中的「單數」

1.主語的第三人稱單數形式,即可用「he, she, it」代替的。如:

he, she, it

my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名詞有單數名詞和復數名詞。如:

man(單數)---men(復數) banana(單數)---bananas(復數)

3.動詞有原形,第三人稱單數形式,-ing分詞,過去式,過去分詞。如:

go---goes---going---went---gone

work---works---working---worked---worked

watch---watches---watching---watched---watched

當主語為第三人稱單數的時候,謂語動詞必須用相應的第三人稱單數形式。如:

The boy wants to be a sales assistant.

Our English teacher is from the US.

Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
12) 英語中的「單數」

1.主語的第三人稱單數形式,即可用「he, she, it」代替的。如:

he, she, it

my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle

2.名詞有單數名詞和復數名詞。如:

man(單數)---men(復數) banana(單數)---bananas(復數)

3.動詞有原形,第三人稱單數形式,-ing分詞,過去式,過去分詞。如:

go---goes---going---went---gone

work---works---working---worked---worked

watch---watches---watching---watched---watched

當主語為第三人稱單數的時候,謂語動詞必須用相應的第三人稱單數形式。如:

The boy wants to be a sales assistant.

Our English teacher is from the US.

Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.

13) 名詞的復數構成的幾種形式

名詞復數的構成可分為規則變化和不規則變化兩種。

I 名詞復數的規則變化

1.一般在名詞詞尾加-s。如:

pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers

desk---desks tree---trees

2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x結尾的名詞,詞尾加-es。如:

class---classes dish---dishes

watch---watches box---boxes

3.以字母-o結尾的某些名詞,詞尾加-es。如:

potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes

Negro---Negroes hero---heroes

4.以輔音字母加-y結尾的名詞,將-y變為-i,再加-es。如:

family---families dictionary---dictionaries
city---cities country---countries

5.以字母-f或-fe結尾的名詞,將-f或-fe變為-v,再加-es。如:

half---halves leaf---leaves

thief---thieves knife---knives

self---selves wife---wives

life---lives wolf---wolves

shelf---shelves loaf---loaves

但是:

scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs

serf---serfs gulf---gulfs

chief---chiefs proof---proofs

belief---beliefs

II 名詞復數的不規則變化

1.將-oo改為--ee。如:

foot---feet tooth---teeth

2.將-man改為-men。如:

man---men woman---women

policeman---policemen postman---postmen

3.添加詞尾。如:

child---children

4.單復數同形。如:

sheep---sheep deer---deer

fish---fish people---people

5.表示「某國人」的單、復數變化。即「中日瑞不變英法變,其它國把-s加後面」。如:
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese

Swiss---Swiss

Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen

American---Americans Australian---Australians

Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans

Russian---Russians Indian---Indians

6.其它。如:

mouse---mice

apple tree---apple trees

man teacher---men teachers

14) 雙寫最後一個字母的-ing分詞

初中階段常見的有以下這些:

1.let→letting 讓

hit→hitting 打、撞

cut→cutting 切、割

get→getting 取、得到

sit→sitting 坐

forget→forgetting 忘記

put→putting 放

set→setting 設置

babysit→babysitting 臨時受雇照顧嬰兒

2.shop→shopping 購物

trip→tripping 絆

stop→stopping 停止

drop→dropping 放棄

3.travel→travel(l)ing 旅遊

swim→swimming 游泳

run→running 跑步

dig→digging 挖、掘

begin→beginning 開始

prefer→preferring 寧願

plan→planning 計劃

15) 肯定句變否定句及疑問句要變化的一些詞

1.some變為any。如:

There are some birds in the tree.
→There aren't any birds in the tree.

但是,若在表示請邀請、請求的句子中,some可以不變。如:

Would you like some orange juice?

與此相關的一些不定代詞如something, somebody等也要進行相應變化。

2.and變為or。如:

I have a knife and a ruler.

→I don't have a knife or a ruler.

3.a lot of (=lots of)變為many或much。如:

They have a lot of friends.(可數名詞)

→They don't have many friends.

There is lots of orange in the bottle.(不可數名詞)

→There isn't much orange in the bottle.

4.already變為yet。如:

I have been there already.

→I haven't been there yet.

16) in與after

in 與 after 都可以表示時間,但二者有所區別。

1.in 經常用於將來時的句子中,以現在為起點,表示將來一段時間。如:

He will leave for Beijing in a week.

一周後他會動身去北京。

2.after 經常用於過去時的句子中,以過去為起點,表示過去一段時間。如:

He left for Beijing after a week.

一周後他動身去了北京。

不過,如果after後跟的是具體的時刻,它也可用於將來時。如:

We will finish the work after ten o'clock.

十點後我們會完成工作的。

3.注意區分以下的in的用法。

I'll visit him in a week.

一周後我會去拜訪他。
I'll visit him twice in a week.

一周內我會去拜訪他兩次。

17) 不定冠詞a與an的使用

1.a 用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前。如:

There is a "b" in the word "book".

單詞book中有個字母b。

類似的字母還有:c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。

She has a small knife.

她有一把小刀。

2.an 用於以母音音素開頭的單詞前。如:

There is an "i" in the word "onion".

單詞onion中有個字母i。

類似的字母還有:a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。

Do you have an umbrella?

你有一把雨傘嗎?

3.以母音字母開頭的單詞前面不一定都用an;以輔音字母開頭的單詞前面也不一定都用a。如:

a useful book

a universe

a one-letter word

an hour

an uncle

an umbrella

an honest person

18) 如何表達英語中的「穿、戴」?

英語中表示「穿、戴」的表達方法有好幾種,常見的有以下這些:

1、put on 主要表達「穿」的動作。如:

He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。

You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。

2、wear 主要表示「穿、戴」的狀態。如:

The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴著一副眼鏡。
The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿著一條紅色的短裙。

3、dress 可作及物動詞,有「給......穿衣」的意思,後接「人」,而不是「衣服」。如:

Please dress the children right now.請立即給孩子們穿上衣服。

dress 也可作不及物動詞,表示衣著的習慣。如:

The woman always dresses in green.那位婦女總是穿綠色的衣服。

4、be in 表示穿著的狀態。如:

John is in white today.約翰今天穿白色的衣服。

The man in black is a football coach.

19) a little, a few 與 a bit (of)

a little, a few 與 a bit (of) 都有「一些、少量」的意義。他們的區別在哪裡呢?

1. a little 意為「一些、少量」,後接不可數名詞。如:

There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一點水。

還可以接形容詞。如:

He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。

2. a few 意為「一些、少數」,後接復數的可數名詞。如:

There are a few people in the room. 房間里有一些人。

3. a bit 意為「一點兒」,後接形容詞。如:

It's a bit cold. 有點冷。

a bit of 後接不可數名詞。如:

He has a bit of money. 他有一點兒錢。

4. a little 表肯定意義,little 表否定意義;a few 表肯定意義,few 表否定意義。如:

There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一點兒汽水。

There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里幾乎沒有汽水了。

I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中國朋友。

Few people like him. 幾乎沒有人喜歡他。

5. a little = a bit of, 後接不可數名詞;

a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 後接形容詞,意為「有點兒」。

20) 關於like的用法

like 可以作動詞,也可以作介詞。

1、like 作動詞,表示一般性的「愛好、喜歡」,有泛指的含義。如:

Do you like the color?你喜愛這種顏色嗎?

like 後可接不定式(like to do sth),也可接動詞的-ing分詞(like doing sth),有時意思不盡相同。如:

She likes eating apples.她喜愛吃蘋果。(習慣)

She likes to eat an apple.她喜愛吃一粒蘋果。(平常不喜歡吃)

like 與 would 連用,後接不定式,表示願望或客氣的請求。如:

Would you like a cup of tea?您願意喝杯茶嗎?

「喜歡某人做某事」可以用結構「like sb to do sth/doing sth」。如:

They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他們都喜歡我唱英文歌。

2、like 作介詞,可譯成「像......」。如:

She is friendly to us like a mother.她對我們友好,就像母親一樣。

It looks like an orange.它看起來像個桔子。

3、區分以下句子:

A. What does he look like?

B. What is he like?

A句譯為「他長相如何?」指一個人的外貌特徵;而B句譯為「他人怎麼樣?」指人的性格特點。

C. The boy like Peter is over there.

D. A boy like Peter can't do it.

A句指外貌相似,而D句指性格相似。

21) stop to do sth 與 stop doing sth

1. stop to do sth 意為「停下來去做某事」。如:

The students stop to listen to their teacher.

學生們停下來去聽他們老師講話。

2. stop doing sth 意為「停止做某事」。如:

The students stopped talking. 學生們停止了談話。

與它們相反的句式是:go on to do sth 「繼續做某事(與剛才一事不同)」和 go on doing sth 「繼續做某事(與剛才同一件事)」。如:

He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.
他完成了作業,接著繼續去念英語。

They went on playing games. 他們繼續玩游戲。

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