❶ 九年級上冊英語 語法總結
spend,cost,,pay,take:spend on sth;spend in dong;sth cost ab money
注意：cost的三種形式都是cost；It take ab+時間+to do；pay ab money for
區分the other，another，other, others,the others the other:兩者范圍內特指另一個；another：三者或三者以上的人或事物中任意的另一個；other：後接復數名詞，意為其他的；others：others=other+復數名詞，可用some any all修飾
Have to意為不得不 very意可為真正的 stay意為保持某種狀態，可與keep互換
Besides意為除...之外（還有） except意為除...以外（不包括在內）
Instead放在句末 instead of後面為ing形式
In...way以什麼方式 some...some....others意為一些...一些...另一些....
Make ab do-使某人做某事 make ab adj-使某人怎樣 make ab n-使某人成為
Lead/have/live a......adj+life
可以修飾比較級的詞：far,much,even,still,a lot,a little
Used to do-過去常常做某事 be used to doing-習慣做某事
Regard as後面可接名詞和形容詞
By accident-偶然地，小心地 by mistake 錯誤地
英語里常用「數字-名詞」或「數字-名詞 形容詞」 ps：一個七歲的男孩：7-year-old boy
Miss doing-錯過做某事 miss還有「想念」的意思
Be upset（about）對...感到不安
Express-表達 片語：express one's feelings-表達某人感情；express one's thought-表達某人想法；express one's idea-表達某人主意
Go on可以為「事件發生」ps：It seem that the player will go on好像戲劇要開始了；go on doing sth-繼續做某事（不停地做某一件事）；go on with sth-繼續做某事（停下來之後繼續做某件事）；go on to do sth-繼續做某事（做完一件事，繼續做另一件事）
Keep on doing-一直做某事；keep sb doing-使某人一直做某事；keep sth+adj使某人保持某種狀態
adj enough not to do-足夠...不去做 not adj enough to do-不足夠...去做
Advice-忠告（不可數名詞）片語：a piece of advice-一條意見；ask for one's advice about-徵求某人對...的忠告；against one's advice about-違背某人忠告；by doctor's advice-遵照醫囑；some advice about-一些關於...的勸告
Suggestion-意見，建議；片語：adopt a suggestion-採納建議；by one's suggestion-根據某人建議。Suggestion的動詞形式是suggest，用法：suggest doing。Opinion與suggestion相似，但不如suggestion正是，比advice客氣，片語：in one's opinion
Plenty of-很多，可修飾可數或不可數名詞，多用於肯定句中；a number of-許多，相當於many，修飾可數名詞，注意：the number of-...的數量；an amount of-大量的，多用於不可數名詞，amount前可用large，small等修飾程度；a lot of/lots of-很多，可用於修飾可數或不可數名詞
So that-以便，為了；so...that...-如此...以至於
Focus on-致力於... Aim to do-目的在於做... Apply for-申請 in the case of-...的情形下
Further和farther都是far的比較級，farther表示具體距離的遠近，further表示抽象概念
LAST：The last-最後 at last-終於 last day-上一天 last for-持續；final-最終的決勝的；決賽，最終考試；at last=finally
Hurt用於有生命的東西；damage用於無生命的東西對其價值和功能的損壞，破壞程度較小；injure與hurt相近，只是更正式，用於天災或事故中；destroy很粗魯的手段使之毀滅，很難修復
Good：人品好，質量好，向別人問好；well：身體好，或作副詞；nice：帶有感情色彩，外觀好，待人感情好；excellent-極好的，語氣最強
Be busy doing=be busy with=忙於做某事
Beneath-在..之下（緊貼之下） under-在...下方（垂直向下） over-在...上方（垂直向上） below-在...之下（位置低於），可用於表示數目低於，其反義詞為above
Until-直到...為止；not...until-直到...才
Although=though=雖然，盡管；although較為正式，用於句首；though更通俗常用；只要用了although或though就不能用but，and，or等連詞
Such as-例如，後面接單詞或片語；for example常用逗號分開，後面常根句子
Be（後省略）concerned about-關心；difficult to和...不同；be proud of為...自豪
curious about認真；free for免費；afraid of害怕；serious about嚴肅；
unaware of沒注意；strict with嚴格；responsible for...的責任；useful for對...有用； equal to對...公平；famous for對...出名；aware of直到；grateful to對...感激；careful of小心；tired of對..感到疲累
with、in都是介詞，in用於衣服的顏色；with多指穿「戴眼鏡，帽子」，或是衣服上的裝飾；put on-穿上、戴上，強調動作；wear強調穿著的狀態；dress意為「給某人穿衣服」
Join表示加入黨派，社會團體，表示成為其中一員；join in表示參加某項正在進行的活動，片語：join in sth /join sb in doing-參加某人的活動；take part in參加運動會、會議或工作，參加群眾性活動起一份作用；attend參加會議，主要以觀眾或聽眾的身份寫
Family-家庭成員 house-房屋 home-家鄉 room-房間
One可以做不定代詞，代替前面提過的人或物（單數），如果是復數則是ones
Present-上演、演出，作形容詞時意為「在場的、目前的」，作名詞時意為「目前，禮物」
Find out-發現、查出，可指找到無形的東西；find-找到，通常指尋找的結果，有偶然發現的意思
In trouble-遇到麻煩；in pain-疼痛；in love-在戀愛中。In意為「在某種狀態中」
Listen to-聽某人做某事（做完） listen doing-聽某人正在做某事。有類似用法的單詞有：see，watch，hear，find
In fact=as a matter of fact-事實上 pay（no）attention to-（不）注意
So和such都有「如此，這樣」的意思，so修飾副詞和形容詞，such修飾名詞，注意：如果名詞前有many，much，few，little時只能用so；修飾單數可數名詞時，可以用so或such，但so句式「so+形容詞+a/an+單數名詞」，such則是「such+a/an+形容詞+單數名詞」
❷ 人教版九年級英語上冊 語法
Unit 4一、知識點 1、①give sb sth=give sth to sb類似的詞還有:pass、lend、show、write、send等②buy sb sth=buy sth for sb類似的詞還有:make、draw、cook等2、hundred 、thousand、mi11ion與數字連用不能用復數。hundreds of、thousands of、mi11ions of中必須用復數。3What if …… 如果……將會怎麼樣？（引導條件狀語從句、疑問句）eg What if she doesn』t come? 她要是不來怎麼辦？ What if your parent don』t agree? 如果你的父母不同意怎麼辦？What if you should fall sick? 如果你生病了怎麼辦？7、before 引導一個句子，為連詞。後跟短語或名詞等，則為介詞。8、food 表示食品種類，一種食物時，為可數名詞9、What does/do ×× look like? 問相貌。She is tall.What』s ×× like? 問「品質性格」。She is outgoing.12、 give a speech 做演講 have a speech聽演講 give a report 做報告have a report 聽報告13、permission (n.) 允許，許可 permit (v.) 允許Don』t read others』 diary without permission.14、plenty of 充足的，相當多的。修飾可數或不可數名詞，只能用於肯定句。否定、疑問句中用 enough.15、not……in the slightest=not……at all 根本不16、company ①公司 ②一群人，一夥人 ③ 陪伴 I would like your company if you are free tonight.17、get along (with)=get on (with) ①進行，進展eg The business is getting along very well. 生意進展的很順利。 How are you getting along with your English study? 你的英語學習進展的怎麼樣了？②相處 eg Do you get along with your boss?= Do you and your boss get along? 你跟老闆合得來嗎？I』m getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同學們相處得很好。18、would rather … than … （= would … rather than）寧願，而不願。前後連接兩個動詞原形，否定形式為：would rather not do sth①would rather … than … = prefer … to …但prefer … to … 若連接兩個動詞，動詞應為v-ing 形式。eg He would rather jog than play football.=He prefers jogging to playing football. ②would rather 常單獨使用，表示「寧願做…」eg He would rather watch TV at home.③rather than = instead of 而不是連接兩個並列成分，前後對稱。eg I』d prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter. I decided to write rather than telephone. I like going out with you rather than with him. She enjoys listening rather than speaking.19、today、here、there、downstairs、upstairs、above、below做賓語修飾名詞，放在名詞之後eg the weather today今天的天氣 people here這里的人們the man downstairs樓下的那個男的 the passage below 下面的這段話22、the rest 其餘的，可指代可數或不可數名詞。The other(s) 只能指代可數名詞23、come up with 提出或提出（答案、方法）等。類似於think of.eg How would you come up with this idea? 你怎樣想出這個注意的？My brother is a person who often comes up with good idea.我弟弟是個常常能想出好點子的人24、offer 提供 offer sb sth 給××…… offer to sb sth 主動提出干……二、短語1、give it to charity 把它捐給慈善機構 2、medical research 醫學研究3、What if …… 如果…怎麼樣？ 4、get nervous 緊張5、take a big exam 參加大考 6、help with 有助於7、in public 在公共場合 8、hardly ever 幾乎不9、the whole school 全校 10、without permission 為經許可11、be(make) friends with 與…交朋友 12、ask one』s permission 請求××的允許13、introce…to… 把…介紹給… 14、invite…to do… 邀請…干…15、social situations 社會環境 16、not… in the slightest 根本不，一點也不 17、right away 立刻，馬上 18、all day 全天19、be friendly to 對…友好 20、at lunch time 在午飯時間21、a bit shy 有點害羞 22、English speech contest 英語演講比賽23、represent the class 代表班級 24、come top 名列第一（前茅）25、let … down 使…失望 26、come up with 提出、想出27、be sure of + n./pron. 28、the rest of the students 其餘的學生 be sure to do 相信… 29、have a lot of experience (in) doing sth be sure +that 從句 在做某事方面有經驗30、deal with 對付，處理 31、come out 出版32、give advice on… 在…方面提出意見、建議 33、by accident 偶然地，無意之中34、hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙干… 35、an internet friend 網友三、句子1、He doesn』t know if he should bring a present. 他不知道是否該帶禮物。2、You shouldn』t worry about what other people say.你不應該考慮別人說什麼。3、What will you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百萬美元，你會干什麼？4、If I were you, I 『d take a small present.如果我是你，我會帶一個小禮物。5、I』m too tired to do well.我太累了，沒考好。6、Dogs can be a lot of trouble.狗會帶來很多麻煩。7、What are you like? 你是什麼樣的人？8、I』d invite him/her to have dinner at my house.我會邀請他（她）到我家吃飯。9、You enjoy the company of other people.你喜歡別人的陪伴。10、I feel nervous talking in front of many people.我在眾人面前講話時感到緊張。11、She always comes top in the school exams.她在學校的考試中總是名列前茅。12、She doesn』t want to let her friends down.她不願讓朋友失望。13、If I were you, I』ll get out of here.如果我是你，我會離開這里。祝你學習進步，更上一層樓！(*^__^*)
❸ 九年級上冊人教版英語第一單元重點語法
九年級上冊人教版英語第一單元重點語法
1. 動詞+ by doing」結構的用法；
例：I learn English by listening to tapes.
2. 現在版完成時的用法。權
例：I have learned a lot that way. 用那種方法，我已經學到了很多東西。
3. how引導的特殊疑問句及其回答。
例：How do you study for a test? 你怎樣為考試做准備？
其他重點單詞和短語的用法也很重要， 你自己在書中歸納出來吧， 那也是一個學習的過程。
❹ 九年級英語語法
好 我也上九年級
復合句:有主句，有從句。從句修飾主句的謂語，說明謂語發生的時間/地點/方式等等。
定語從句：也是復合句的一種，修飾主句中的某個名次/代詞。
並列句：前後兩個句子是相等的，沒有主次之分，常用and/or/but/while等連接。
間接引語：把某人的話引用到自己的句中，不用引號表明，而是放在謂語動詞的後面變成了賓語從句。如：she asked who you were.
直接引語:把某人的話引用到自己的句中，用引號表明，如; "Who are you?" she asked.
不定試: 是非謂語的一種， to do, 在句子中作除了謂語之外的所有成分。
九 年 級 英 語 語 法 集 中
——定語從句（the Attributive Clause）
Name: ______________ Class: ______________ No.:______________
一、定義：
在復合句中，修飾主句中的某一名詞或代詞的句子（從句）叫定語從句。定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句作定語放在先行詞的後面。
引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，關系詞有：關系代詞that，which，who(賓格whom, 所有格whose)和關系副詞when，where，why。關系代詞或關系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，既起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的一個成分。如：
The girl who is standing on the stage is my sister.
正站在台上的那個女孩是我的妹妹。（關系代詞who在句中作主語）
I can』t find the book (that) I bought yesterday.
我找不到我昨天買的那本書。（關系代詞that在句中作賓語，可省去）
Madam Curie was a great scientist whose name is known all over the world.
居里夫人是一位全世界聞名的偉大科學家。
二、用法：
（一）關系代詞的用法：
（1）that指物，有時也指人，在從句中作主語或賓語。作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。
which指物，不指人，在從句中作主語或賓語。作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。如：
His father works in a factory that/ which makes TV set. （作主語，指物）
The coat (that/ which) I put on the desk is black. （作賓語，可省去）
The books (that/ which) they bought were written by me. （作賓語，可省去）
注意：
(一) which與that指物時可互相代替，但that比which更常見，尤其在口語中。但要注意that可用來指人，而which則不能指人。
只能用that不能用which引導的定語從句：
①定語從句所修飾的詞，同時又被形容詞最高級修飾時，定語從句只能用that引導；
This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.
②定語從句所修飾的詞，同時又被序數詞修飾時，定語從句只能用that引導；
The children like the second Lesson that is about 「The Football March」.
③定語從句所修飾的詞，同時又被the only，the very或the same修飾時，
定語從句只能用that引導；
1) It is the only word (that) I know in the passage.
2) This is the same bicycle (that) I lost.
④定語從句修飾的詞同時又被不定代詞，如：all，any，no，every，little，many或much等修飾時，定語從句只能用that引導；
Here is all the money (that) I have.
⑤定語從句修飾詞為everything，something，anything，nothing，all，none，much，little，few等不定代詞時，定語從句只能用that引導。但something前有the時，定語從句可由which引出。
Here is something (that) I will tell you.
I want everything (that) I want.
⑥定語從句修飾的詞中同時含有「人」和「物」的名詞時，定語從句只能用that引導：
I can remember well the persons and some picture (that) I see in the room.
⑦定語從句修飾的詞為one, ones時，定語從句用that引導：
Is it the one (that) you want?
⑧當主句的主語是疑問詞 who或 which來提問時，為了避免重復，用that引導定語從句：]
Who is the girl that won the first place?
(二) who指人，that除指人外也指物，在從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語可省略，作主語不能省略。
1) The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. （作主語，不可省略）
2) The teacher who spoke at the meeting just now is having a rest in his office. （作主語，不可省略）
3) The boy (who/ that) I like isn』t here now. （作賓語，可省略）
注 意:
who與that指人時可互相代替，但下列情況只能用who不能用that引導的定語從句：
① 先行詞是one，ones，anyone時，定語從句只能用who引導；
② 先行詞為those時，定語從句只能用who引導；
③ There be句型開頭。
另 註：(1) whom指人，為who的賓格形式,在句中只作賓語，其前沒有介詞時，也可用who替換使用，也可省略，如：
Who is the teacher (that/ who/ whom) Yanzhen is talking to? （作賓語，可省略）
Who is the teacher to whom Yanzhen is talking? （作賓語，介詞to提到whom前，whom再此不可省略）
(2) whose 指人，也可指物，在從句中作定語，不可省略。如：
The building whose windows face to the south is our school. （作定語，不可省略）
（二）關系副詞的用法：（略）
鞏 固 練 習
一、用適當的關系代詞填空：
1. The man ___________________ I saw in the street yesterday is Tom』s father.
2. The students ___________________ don』t work hard will not pass the exam.
3. Is there anything ___________________ you want to say now?
4. This is the only book ____________________ I want to read for my child.
5. The first present ____________________ my parents gave me was a model plane.
6. The bridge _____________________ is being built will be the most beautiful in the city.
7. I don』t want to work with a man ____________________ hair is so long.
8. These are the trees ____________________ were planted last year.
9. The car ____________________ he is using is made in China.
10. Is this the musician ____________________ you like best?
二、單項選擇：
( )1. The girl _________________ could sing well went to Europe.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
( )2. We prefer music which _________________ great lyrics.
A. have B. has C. had D. is
( )3. She lives in a house __________________ windows face south.
A. that B. who C. which D. whose
( )4. Who is the man _________________ talked with you just now?
A. who B. that C. whom D. whose
( )5. Look at the boy and his dog _________________ are coming this way.
A. who B. which C. that D. whom
( )6. This is the biggest ship __________________ I』ve ever seen.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
( )7. Look at the girl __________________ name is Susan.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. that
( )8. That was all the money __________________ I had.
A. which B. that C. whom D. whose
( )9. This is the man __________________ last night.
A. whom I saw him B. whom I saw C. which I saw D. who I saw him
( )10. They talked about things and persons ______________ they remembered in the school.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
三、以下列畫線的句子為定語，組成一個定語從句：
1. The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.
_________________________________________________________________
2. The girl is Kate. She has a round face.
_________________________________________________________________
3. He is the man. I told you about him.
_________________________________________________________________
4. The man is kind. Everyone likes him.
_________________________________________________________________
5. The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.
_________________________________________________________________
6. He likes the novels. The novels were written by Hemingway.
_________________________________________________________________
四、閱讀理解：
popular music in America is what every student likes. Students carry small radios and listen to music before class，after class，and at lunch. Students with cars buy large speakers and play the music loudly as they drive on the street.
Alt（成年人）drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work. They also listen to the news about sports，the weather，and the life of American people. Most of the radio programmers are music.
Pop or popular music singers make much money. They make a CD or a tape which radio stations use in many places. Once the popular singer is heard all over the country，young people buy his or her tapes. Some of the money from these tapes goes to the singer. Wherever the singer goes，all the young people want to meet him or her. Now the singer has become a famous star.
There are other kinds of music that are important to Americans. One is called folk music. It tells stories about the common（普通的）life of Americans. Another is called western or country music. This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching. Today，any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music.
36. _______kinds of music are mentioned in this passage？
A. Two B. Four C. Three D. Five
37. When pop singers _________，they will become famous stars.
A. make much money B. are loved by all over the young people
C. make a CD or a tape D. are wanted to sing on the radio
38. From the passage we know that country music is about the ______.
A. common life of Americans B. country life and love stories of cowboys
C. life of cowboys D. school life in America
39. Which of the following is true according to this passage？______.
A. All the students in America like popular music
B. Most of the radio programmers in America are popular music
C. Alt drivers in America listen to music all the time while driving
D. Everyone in America wants to meet pop singers wherever they go
40. What would be the best title（標題）for this passage？
A. Western Music B. Popular Music C. History of Music D. American Music
❺ 初三英語上冊語法
定語從句由關系代詞who、whom、whose、which、what、as和關系副詞where、when、why等引導，但須記住：
1.what不能引導定語從句.
2.關系詞的分析須考慮它在定語從句中的成分。
一.指人的關系代詞有who、whose、whom、that. 試分析：
The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.
Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .
The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.）註：
A． 指人時有時只用who不宜用that。
1．先行詞為one、ones或anyone
（1）The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.
（2）Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
2．先行詞為these時
These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.
3．在there be 開頭的句子中
There is a student who wants to see you.
4．一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關系代詞是that，另一個宜用who，以免重復。
The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.
5．在非限制性定語從句中
A。I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.
B．主句以who開頭的句子中,只用that,不用who。
二．指物的關系代詞有which、whose(=of which)、that. 試分析：
1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.
2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.
3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)
4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)
註：
A. 介詞如果位於作為其賓語的關系代詞之前時，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.
(1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.
(2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.
B. 部分短語動詞中的介詞不可與動詞拆開，在定語從句中其介詞不可前置，只能放在其動詞之後。
Is this the book which she is looking for?
The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.
The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping』s son.
C． 指物時，下列情況下只能用that ，不宜用which。
（1）先行詞為不定代詞，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。
We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.
I have told them all (that) I know.
All that can be done has been done.
（2）先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞、修飾時。
The first book that I read last night was an English novel.
（3）先行詞是形容詞最高級或被最高級修飾時。
This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.
This is the best that can be done now.
（4）如果有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(先行詞既有人又有物)，定語從句的關系代詞用which和who都不合適，只能用that。
We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.
There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.
（5）如果先行詞被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修飾時。
This is the only book that can be lent to you.
（6）當主句是以which開頭的特殊問句時，關系代詞只用that。
Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday ?
D．只物時，下列情況下只能用which，不宜用that。
（1）關系代詞放在介詞之後
This is the factory in which we once worked.
（2）非限制性定語從句中
This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.
（3）that，Those作主語時
Those which are on the desk are English books.
E．先行詞前有such、the same、 as時, 關系代詞用as，不用that, 但the same…as…表示同樣的, the same…that…表示同一的
He knows as many people as are present at the meeting.
Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.
三．比較When/which、where /which、why.
which I still never forget.
This is the day when I joined the party.
which he spent reading the books.
where I found the book.
which makes machines.
This is the place which we once visited.
which I will never forget.
which I am looking for.
限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別：
限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句
All the students who study hard have passed.學習努力的學生都考試及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的沒及格。) All the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的學生都及格了，他們學習努力。（沒有人不及格，這些學生都很努力。）
從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語（如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正確。） 從句是對先行詞的附加說明（如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影響。） 與主句關系密切，不用逗號 與主句關系不十分密切，用逗號與主句隔開譯為漢語時，從句譯在先行詞前，與先行詞用「的」連接 譯為漢語時，從句放在主句後面關系代詞that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 關系代詞不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 關系代詞代替賓語時可以省略 關系代詞不能省略關系代詞as和which
先研究下面兩個例句：
○1.This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出來，這頭象像條蛇。
○2.Tom didn』t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考試不及格，這使得他父親很生氣。
這兩個例句中，as和which所代表的都是整個主句所表示的內容。但有兩點不同之處：
1． 在形式上as引導的非限制性定語從句可位於主句的後面，也可位於主句的前面；而which引導的非限制性定語從句只能位於主句的後面，不能位於主句的前面。
2． 在意義上，as引導的定語從句和主句的關系一般為一致關系，常譯為「正如……」，「就像……」，而which引導的定語從句和主句的關系是因果關系，或which引導的定語從句是對主句的評論。因此，在意思通順的情況下，which可代替as，而as許多時候不能代替which，如句○2。再如：
1．He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我們所料，他又遲到了。/他又遲到了這是我們早就料到的。
2． The street hasn』t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期沒有打掃了，因此整條街很臟。（不用as）
3．The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年輕人詐騙了他朋友許多錢財，這是不光彩的。（不 用as）
4．He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天運動，這對他的身體很有好處。（不用as）
5．As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已經指出的那樣，英語對於初學者說，是相當難學的。在such…as…、the same…as…、 as…、 as many…/much as…等結構中,as不能用which代替。如：
1.Such books as this are too difficult for beginners. 這樣的書對於初學的人來說是太難了。
=Books such as this are …
=Books like this are …
2.I live in the same building as he (does). 我和他住再同一座大樓里。
3.He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他認識所有到會的人。
4.That day we all got up early as usual. 那天我們和平時一樣，都起得很早。
「One of the +復數名詞」後面定語從句中謂語單復數情況
這一結構後面的定語從句的謂語動詞通常用復數形式，跟定語從句所靠近的那個復數名詞在數上保持一致。如：
1． That is one of the books that are required for study at school.
2． This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.
3． She is one of the few persons who know Spanish .
4． This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties,
如果one of +復數名詞這一結構前面帶有the only、the very之類的限定語，後面定語從句的謂語動詞則要用單數形式，這是因為定語從句在意義上修飾的是而不是那個復數名詞。如：
1.He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.( 修飾the only one)
He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.( 修飾the teachers)
2.This is the only one of the rooms that is free now. (修飾the only one)
This is one of the rooms that are free now. (修飾rooms)
as與which引導的定語從句
兩者均可引導非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換，但下列情況多用as。
1. 關系代詞引導的定語從句居句首時。 As we all know, the earth is round.
2. 當與such或the same連用時，一般用as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.
3. 當從句和主句語義一致時，用as，反之則用which。 She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.
4. as在從句中作主語時，後面常接行為動詞的被動語態，如be known，be said，be reported等，如從句中行為動詞是主動語態，一般要用which作主語。
She has been late again, as was expected.
Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.
英語被動語態
一、概述
英語中有兩種語態，主動和被動。
例如：Many people speak English. 謂語：speak的動作是由主語many people來執行的。 被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。例如：English is spoken by many people.主語English是動詞speak的承受者。 所謂主動句就是由主動態動詞(片語)作謂語動詞的句子，而被動句則是由被動態動詞(片語)作謂語動詞的句子。 例如：He opened the door.他開了門。(主動句) The door was opened.門被開了。(被動句)
二、被動語態的構成
被動語態由「助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞」構成。人稱、數和時態的變化是通過be的變化表現出來的。現以teach為例說明被動語態在各種時態中的構成。
一般現在時：am／is／are＋taught
一般過去時：was／were＋taught
一般將來時：will／shall(be going to) be＋taught
現在進行時：am／is／are being＋taught
過去進行時：was/were being＋taught
現在完成時：have／has been＋taught
過去完成時：had been +taught
過去將來時：would(was/were going to) be+taught
三、被動語態的用法
(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰。 例如： Some more interesting novels were stolen last year. 一些新小說去年被寫了。(沒說小說是誰寫的) This book was published in 1981.這本書出版於1981年。
(2)強調動作的承受者，而不強調動作的執行者。 例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗戶是邁克打破的。 This book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小時睡眠必須得到保證。
四、主動語態變被動語態的方法
(1)把主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語。
(2)把謂語變成被動結構(be＋過去分詞) (根據被動語態句子里的主語的人稱和數，以及原來主動語態句子中動詞的時態來決定be的形式)。
(3)把主動語態中的主語放在介詞by之後作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如： All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made
❻ 初三上冊英語第四單元語法總結
Unit 4
一、知識點
1、①give sb sth=give sth to sb
類似的詞還有:pass、lend、show、write、send等
②buy sb sth=buy sth for sb
類似的詞還有:make、draw、cook等
2、hundred 、thousand、mi11ion與數字連用不能用復數。
hundreds of、thousands of、mi11ions of中必須用復數。
3What if …… 如果……將會怎麼樣？（引導條件狀語從句、疑問句）
eg What if she doesn』t come? 她要是不來怎麼辦？
What if your parent don』t agree? 如果你的父母不同意怎麼辦？
What if you should fall sick? 如果你生病了怎麼辦？
7、before 引導一個句子，為連詞。後跟短語或名詞等，則為介詞。
8、food 表示食品種類，一種食物時，為可數名詞
What does/do ×× look like? 問相貌。
She is tall.
What』s ×× like? 問「品質性格」。
She is outgoing.
12、 give a speech 做演講 have a speech聽演講 give a report 做報告have a report 聽報告
13、permission (n.) 允許，許可 permit (v.) 允許
Don』t read others』 diary without permission.
14、plenty of 充足的，相當多的。修飾可數或不可數名詞，只能用於肯定句。否定、疑問句中用 enough.
15、not……in the slightest=not……at all 根本不
16、company ①公司 ②一群人，一夥人
③ 陪伴
I would like your company if you are free tonight.
17、get along (with)=get on (with)
①進行，進展
eg The business is getting along very well. 生意進展的很順利。
How are you getting along with your English study? 你的英語學習進展的怎麼樣了？
②相處
eg Do you get along with your boss?= Do you and your boss get along? 你跟老闆合得來嗎？
I』m getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同學們相處得很好。
18、would rather … than … （= would … rather than）寧願，而不願。
前後連接兩個動詞原形，否定形式為：would rather not do sth
①would rather … than … = prefer … to …
但prefer … to … 若連接兩個動詞，動詞應為v-ing 形式。
eg He would rather jog than play football.=He prefers jogging to playing football.
②would rather 常單獨使用，表示「寧願做…」
eg He would rather watch TV at home.
③rather than = instead of 而不是
連接兩個並列成分，前後對稱。
eg I』d prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter.
I decided to write rather than telephone.
I like going out with you rather than with him.
She enjoys listening rather than speaking.
19、today、here、there、downstairs、upstairs、above、below做賓語修飾名詞，放在名詞之後
eg the weather today今天的天氣 people here這里的人們the man downstairs樓下的那個男的
the passage below 下面的這段話
22、the rest 其餘的，可指代可數或不可數名詞。The other(s) 只能指代可數名詞
23、come up with 提出或提出（答案、方法）等。類似於think of.
eg How would you come up with this idea? 你怎樣想出這個注意的？
My brother is a person who often comes up with good idea.我弟弟是個常常能想出好點子的人
24、offer 提供 offer sb sth 給××…… offer to sb sth 主動提出干……
二、短語
1、give it to charity 把它捐給慈善機構 2、medical research 醫學研究
3、What if …… 如果…怎麼樣？ 4、get nervous 緊張
5、take a big exam 參加大考 6、help with 有助於
7、in public 在公共場合 8、hardly ever 幾乎不
9、the whole school 全校 10、without permission 為經許可
11、be(make) friends with 與…交朋友 12、ask one』s permission 請求××的允許
13、introce…to… 把…介紹給… 14、invite…to do… 邀請…干…
15、social situations 社會環境 16、not… in the slightest 根本不，一點也不 17、right away 立刻，馬上 18、all day 全天
19、be friendly to 對…友好 20、at lunch time 在午飯時間
21、a bit shy 有點害羞 22、English speech contest 英語演講比賽
23、represent the class 代表班級 24、come top 名列第一（前茅）
25、let … down 使…失望 26、come up with 提出、想出
27、be sure of + n./pron. 28、the rest of the students 其餘的學生
be sure to do 相信… 29、have a lot of experience (in) doing sth
be sure +that 從句 在做某事方面有經驗
30、deal with 對付，處理 31、come out 出版
32、give advice on… 在…方面提出意見、建議 33、by accident 偶然地，無意之中
34、hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙干… 35、an internet friend 網友
三、句子
1、He doesn』t know if he should bring a present. 他不知道是否該帶禮物。
2、You shouldn』t worry about what other people say.你不應該考慮別人說什麼。
3、What will you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百萬美元，你會干什麼？
4、If I were you, I 『d take a small present.如果我是你，我會帶一個小禮物。
5、I』m too tired to do well.我太累了，沒考好。
6、Dogs can be a lot of trouble.狗會帶來很多麻煩。
7、What are you like? 你是什麼樣的人？
8、I』d invite him/her to have dinner at my house.我會邀請他（她）到我家吃飯。
9、You enjoy the company of other people.你喜歡別人的陪伴。
10、I feel nervous talking in front of many people.我在眾人面前講話時感到緊張。
11、She always comes top in the school exams.她在學校的考試中總是名列前茅。
12、She doesn』t want to let her friends down.她不願讓朋友失望。
13、If I were you, I』ll get out of here.如果我是你，我會離開這里。
祝你學習進步，更上一層樓！(*^__^*)
❼ 外研社九年級英語上冊主要講了什麼語法知識點
外研社九年級英語上冊語法知識點:
1. What are you up to? 你在做什麼?
2. Would you like a hand …? 你想要幫忙嗎?
3. have a look at … 看一看…
4. in the centre of …. 在…的中央
5. on our way back from… 在我們從…回來的路上
6. I bet you do! 我打賭你會做到的。
7. only once + 句子 只有在…的條件下才行
Unit 2
1.take a helicopter tour
take/ go on a… tour 表示進行…旅途
goon a camel ride 騎駱駝旅遊
2. be surprised at sth. 對某事感到驚訝
Tom wassurprised at the result of the exam.
be surprised todo sth. 對做某事感到驚訝
Tom wassurprised to hear the news.
3. at different times of the day 在每天的不同時刻
4. in many ways 在很多方面
They are likeus in many ways.
in differentways 用不同的方法
I can work out this math problem indifferent ways.
ina way 在某種程度上來說
Ina way,that can be compared with the introction of the Internet in the 20thcentury.
by theway 順便說一下
5. be similar to 與…相似
Hisanswer is similar to mine.
6. have a good/bad temper
有好/壞脾氣
Miss Li is very kind. She has a good temper.
7. keep doing sth. 不斷做某事
It keepsraining these days.
Mole8 Unit 1
1. at the back/front 在後面/前面
on the left/right 在左邊/右邊
2. over 越過
climb over the wall 爬過這道牆
see over the people 越過人群看
3. enter the competition
=take part in the competition 參加比賽
4. You bet! (口語)當然!
5. get sb. doing sth.
= make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
How did you get thecamera working?
= How did you makethe camera work?
6. How did you get on? 你進展怎樣?
get on well with sb. 與某人相處融洽
get on well with sth. 某事進展順利
He gets on well with his classmates.
Mary didn』t get on well with her work.
7. be in with a chance to dosth.
= have a chance to do sth. 有機會去做某事
8. have gone = bemissing
= be lost = get lost 不見了，失蹤了
My watch has gone.
=My watch is missing.
= My watch is/gets lost.
9. You are kidding! 你在開玩笑吧!
10. expect to do sth. 期待，料到去做某事
11. pick up sth. 撿起某物
pick up sb. 接人
My father picks me up everyday.
Unit 2
1. be pleased with sb./sth.
對某人/某物感到滿意
2. even though + 句子
= even if + 句子
即使…(對虛擬的情況進行讓步)
I won』t go to the party even though/ifI have time.
即使我有時間我也不會去參加聚會的。
though = although
雖然…(對現實的情況進行讓步)
I didn』t go to the party though/although Ihad time.
雖然我有時間，但是我沒有去參加聚會。
3.read on 繼續讀
動詞+on 表示繼續做某事
4.know … well 對…熟悉
5. manage to do sth. 設法去做某事
We managed to get what we wanted.
我們設法得到了我們想要的東西。
6. a collection of 一組…
7. work on sth. 從事…
8. Congratulations tosb. 祝賀某人
9. present the prize 頒獎
give prizes to sb. 給某人頒獎
which, who 引導的定語從句
Mole9 Unit 1
1. Oh dear! 天啊!
2. It』s no laughingmatter.
這不是什麼可笑的事情。
3. over there 在那邊
4. have a word with sb. 和某人說句話
5. That』s good news. 這是個好消息。
news是不可數名詞，前面不能加a
可以加量詞 a piece of news
two pieces of news
6. Here you are. 給你。
7. be in deep trouble 有大麻煩
Unit 2
1. orange-and-white 黃白相間的
black-and-white 黑白的
2. win the heard of … 贏得…的心
3. a group of 一群…
4. He eats as many peachesas he likes.
他喜歡吃多少桃子就吃多少。
as … as possible 盡可能…
as early as possible 盡早
5. make a mess 弄得一團糟
6. ever since + 句子 自從…
7. translate … into … 把…翻譯成…
8. have sth. done (bysb.)
把某物讓別人…了
We hadthe machine mended.
我們把機器讓人修好了。
He hashad his hair cut.
他把頭發請人給他剪了。
9.選擇疑問句：
在一般疑問句後加or …構成選擇疑問句。
選擇疑問句不能回答Yes或No，要選擇其中一個進行回答。如：
--Are you in Class 1 or Class 2?
--I』m in Class 1.
/I』m in Class 2.
/Neither, I』m in Class 5.
10. 在定從中，當先行詞是人和事物時，關系代詞只能用that。如：
I often think of thepersons and things that I saw in the journey.
我經常想起在旅途中遇見的人和事物。
定從中只能用that的情況
1. 當先行詞是everything, anything,nothing, something, all, none, few, little, 等代詞時，只能用that。如：
Have you taken down everythingthat Mr. Li said?
你記下李老師講的一切了嗎?
All that can be done hasbeen done.
所有能做的都做好了。
2. 當先行詞被序數詞和形容詞最高級修飾的時候，只能用that。如：
The first place that theyvisited in London was the Big Ben.
他們在倫敦參觀的第一個地方是大本鍾。
This is the best film thatI have ever seen.
這是我看過的最好的電影。
3. 當主句有who, which等疑問詞時，定從只能用that引導。如：
Who is the man thatis standing over there?
站在那邊的人是誰?
Which is the T-Shirt thatyou bought?
你買的T恤是哪一件?
4. 當先行詞是人和事物時，關系代詞只能用that。如：
I often think of the persons and things thatI saw in the journey.
我經常想起在旅途中遇見的人和事物。
Mole 10Unit 1
1. a bit + 形容詞= a little 形容詞
表示「有點…」
I』m a bit tired. =I』m a little tired.
我有點累了。
a little + 不可數名詞
a bit of + 不可數名詞
There is a littletime left.
= There is a bit oftime left.
還剩下一點時間。
2. give up 放棄
give up doingsth. 放棄做某事
My father gaveup smoking 2 years ago.
我爸爸2年前戒煙了。
3. stay fit = keep fit 保持健康
4.need to do sth. 需要做某事
5. take exercise 做運動
exercise 表示「鍛煉」時是不可數名詞，
表示練習時，是可數名詞
doing morning exercise 做晨練
do eye exercise 做眼操
These maths exercises arevery difficult.
這些數學習題很難。
6. go running 去跑步
go swimming 去游泳
go sightseeing 去觀光
7. talk to sb. 跟某人說話
talk with sb. 跟某人交談
8. nearly adv. 幾乎，差不多
Nearly 300 students entered thecompetition.
差不多300個學生參加了比賽。
The car nearly hitthe man.
車差點撞到那個男子。
9. not … any more 不再…
10. bump into sb. 碰見
I bumped into an old friendyesterday.
昨天我碰見一個老朋友。
Unit 2
1. know about 了解
2. include v.包括
including 介詞. 可以做伴隨狀語
Your ties includedoing the cleaning and cooking.
你的職責包括做清潔和做飯。
Manypeople like pop music including my grandpa.
很多人都喜歡流行音樂，包括我爺爺。
3.persuade sb. (not) to do sth.
說服某人做(不要做)某事
My father persuadedme not to join the club. 爸爸勸說我不要參加那個俱樂部。
4.ban … from … 禁止…進入…
ban … fromdoing sth. 禁止…做某事
Mobile phonesmust be banned from schools. 應該禁止帶手機進入學校。
The policemanbanned him from driving.
警察禁止他開車。
5. a TV programme showed his visits to theschool. 一個電視節目播放了他的這次學校之行。
(這里visit是名詞，後面的to the school是定語)
6. get/have sth. done 把某物給…了
get things done 把事情做了。
I』ll have/get my computerrepaired.
我要把電腦給修了。
7. put on weight 增加體重
loseweight 減肥
8. in order todo sth. 為了…
What do yousometimes have to do in order to get fit?
有時候你不得不做什麼來健身呢?
whose引導的定從
當先行詞與從句中某個名詞有所屬關系時，就用whose引導定從。如：
There is a boy in our team.
The boy』s parents want him to go to a
sports school.
--- There is a boy in our team whoseparents want him to go to a sports school.
通常包含whose引導的定從的句子可以
譯成兩句漢語。如以上句子可以譯成：
在我們隊里有個男孩，他的父母想讓他參加體校。
先行詞是人是物都可以用whose引導，如：
1)He is the only student in our class
whose father is a policeman.
他是我們班唯一一個爸爸是警察的學生。
2)The desk whose leg is broken will
be repaired.
那張斷了只腳的桌子將被拿去修理。
Mole 11
數字的寫法和讀法
1.1—10
one two three four five six seven eight nine ten
2. 11—20
eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen
nineteen twenty
3. 幾十
twenty thirty forty fifty
sixty seventy eighty ninety
注意：four要去掉u再加ty; nine直接加ty
只有變為序數詞時nine要去e加th.
4. 幾十幾
注意：十位數和十位數之間要加連字元
twenty-six ninety-seven
5. 百位數和十位數之間可以加and也可以不加。當十位數為零時，一定要加and
156 one hundred (and) fifty-six
509 five hundred and nine
6. 英語里每三個數為一個單位，用一個逗號隔開。第一個逗號為thousand(千);第二個逗號為million(百萬);第三個逗號為billion(十億)。如：
7. 表示具體數字時，hundred,thousand million,billion不能加s;表達一個大概的數字時，可以加s fivethousand students 五千個學生 thousandsof students 好幾千個學生
8. 序數詞的構成;在基數詞後加th
特殊變化的序數詞： first second third fifth eighth ninth twelfth twentieth
9. 整十的數字把y改為ie再加th twentieth fiftieth
10. 幾十幾的數字只用把個位數變成序數詞 twenty-first sixty-fourth
11.分數的表達：
分子用基數詞，分母用序數詞。
當分子大於1時，分母要復數。
1/3 one third
1/2 a half
1/4 one fourth = a quarter
3/10 threetenths
Mole11 Unit 1
1. What』s the population of…?
某地的人口有多少?
Thepopulation is big/large.
人口多。
(注意：形容人口多不能用many來修飾population;people才能用many來修飾)
2. along with = togetherwith
連同，與…在一起
Tintinhas been to many places along with his dog.
3. look up 查看，查(字典)
I』ll lookup the word in the dictionary.
4. comp up 出現，進行
He cameup at last.
最後他出現了。
Thesports meeting will come up next month.
下個月將進行運動會。
5. thanks to 多虧
Thanksto the policeman, the boy was found.
多虧了警察，孩子被找到了。
thanksto = because of 由於
Unit 2
1. over + 時間 表示「在…期間」
overthe last 50 years 在上個50年間
over the past 10 years 在過去的10年間
2. in the distance 在遠處
3. be close to … 靠近…
4. no + 單數名詞= not a +單數名詞
No + 復數名詞 = not any + 復數名詞
Thereis no student in the classroom.
= Thereisn』t a student in the classroom.
Thereare no clouds in the sky.
= Therearen』t any clouds in the sky.
5. room 作可數名詞時表示「房間」
作不可數名詞時表示「空間」
Thereare 3 rooms in my house.
我家有3間房。
Thereis little room for the desk.
沒有空間來放這張桌子了。
6. close down 關閉，倒閉
7. add to 增加
8. run 可以表示「經營，管理」
runa company 經營一個公司
run acity 管理一個城市
9. protect … from …
保護…不受…(的侵害)
protect people fromcrime
保護人民不受不法活動的侵害
Mole12 Unit 1
1. give a warm welcome to sb.
熱烈歡迎某人
welcome 既可以做動詞也可以做名詞
Let』s welcome Tomto our class.
2. be pleased/happy to do sth.
高興去做某事
3. as a pupil = when I was a pupil
當我是個學生的時候
4. my time here was very important.
我在這里的時間是非常重要的。
句中的here作定語，修飾time，要後置。
The people thereare very friendly.
那裡的人們很友善。
5. free adj. 自由的，有空的，免費的
The bird is free inthe sky.
鳥兒在天空很自由。
Are you free thisSunday?
這個星期天你有空嗎?
The food there is free.
那裡的食物是免費的。
6. each 表示「每個」
做形容詞時等於every，但each 強調「個體」，every 強調「整體」。如：
Each/Everystudent has an English book.
每個學生都有一本英語書。
(用every student 表達相當於 all the students )
each還可以作副詞，不能用every替代。如：
They earned 100dollars each.
他們每人賺了100美元。
7.watch sb. do sth. 觀看某人做某事
Unit 2
1. experience n. 經驗(u.n.)，經歷(c.n.)
experience v. 體驗
experienced adj. 有經驗的
He has much experiencein teaching.
他有豐富的教學經驗。
Please tell me your experiencesin Africa.
請告訴我你在非洲的經歷。
Have you ever experiencedpoorness?
你有沒有經歷過貧窮?
He is an experiencedteacher.
他是一個有經驗的教師。
2. up to + 數字 直到，至多
We can invite up to 20people.
我們可以邀請至多20個人。
3. progress 進展(不可數名詞)
makeprogress with/in sth.
在某方面取得進步
I』ve made progresswith/in English.
我的英語已經有了進步。
4. take place 發生, 進行(沒有被動語態)
The story took place on acold winter morning.
這個故事發生在一個寒冷的冬天的早上。
The training course will takeplace next week.
這個培訓課程下周開始。
5. choose to do sth. 選擇去做某事
6. a place of interest
名勝(在place這里變復數)
Howmany places of interest have you been to?
你去過多少個名勝了?
7. fill in 填寫
fill in the blanks 填空
fill in the form 填表
fill sth. with sth. 用…裝滿…
8. where 引導的定從
當先行詞在定從中做地點狀語時，用where來引導。where = 介詞+which。如：
Do you know the factory whereyour father works?
= Do you know the factory whichyour father works in?
你知道你爸爸工作的工廠嗎?