『壹』 高中英語必修二知識點
Unit 1
片語： survive
in search of / search for search
be amazed at
be designed for
fancy doing sth
be decorated with
in a fancy style
belong to
in return for
at war at peace
less than
there is no doubt that
I doubt whether….
be worth doing
be worthy of be worth to do / to be done
take apart
in a trial
think highly of think badly / much/ little / ill of
could / might / must/ should /need + have done
such + a/an + adj.+ n.
so + adj. + an/ a + n.
be used to do be used to doing used to do
serve as
agree with 適應
rather than 而不是
what he said what he heard
to tell the truth tell a lie to be honest
nor neither 倒裝
do with deal with
unit 2
片語： compete for / against
take part in
gold medal
stand for stand by
on a basis of
admit doing
as well
as well as 就前原則
replace take the place of take one』s place
in charge in the charge of
bargain with
in pain
one after another one by one year by year
deserve to do
be admitted as
so + much /little
such +little (小)
make a bargain with
ask for
marry get married to be married to
apart from besides
although VS though
unit 3
片語： sum up
solve settle
from.. on
as a result as a result of result in =lead in result from= lie in
personally
anyhow anyway
in a way
with the help of
watch over watch out look out be careful
spoil
from then on + 過去時
since + 完成時
as time went by
apply for
be filled with
provide … with
in size
signal to
after all
unit 4
片語： die out die away die off die down
hunt for/ after
in danger of
in relief
respond to
protect …. From
contain VS include
have an effect on
pay attention to doing
appreciate doing
succeed in doing success
do harm to do good to
come into being
according to
so that
intend to do be intended for
unit 5
片語： roll in roll on
pretend to do
be doing
have done
attach to doing
honestly speaking frankly speaking generally speaking
form a habit of
earn one』s living
in cash
play jokes on
rely on
get familiar with
or so
break up break out
in addition to
sort out
in brief
above all
passer-by
請再參考下面的網頁
http://wenku..com/view/a4684f1bff00bed5b9f31db1.html
『貳』 高一英語必修二，三，四語法點
高一主要語法點
必修一：直接引語和間接引語(賓語從句)；現在進行時表將來；版定語從句
必修二：定權語從句(非限定定從、定從中的介詞前提)；被動語態(一般將來時、現在完成時及現在進行時的被動語態)
必修三：情態動詞；名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句及同位語從句)
必修四：主謂一致；非謂語動詞(V-ing) ；構詞法
『叄』 英語 必修二 語法
Mole 1 Grammar
I. be going to 的用法
be going to結構表示按計劃、打算去做某事，表示人的主管意圖，有時還可表示預測有跡象要發生某事。如：
. How long is your aunt going to stay in China for a visit?
(計劃、打算)
. Look at the clouds. It』s going to rain.
(有跡象要發生)
. George is putting on weight. He is going to be quite fat.
(預測)
II. be going to與will的區別
. will表示說話人認為、相信要發生的事, 不含具體時間, 可以指遙遠的將來; be going to 表示按計劃、打算即將發生的事。
. 二者都可以表示「意圖」 。但是表示事先考慮的事情用be going to, 否則用will。如:
I am not going to / won』t tell him about it.
--This is a very heavy box.
--I』ll help you to carry it.
. be going to 可以用在條件句中表示 將來, will則不行。 如:
If you are going to attend the party, you』d better leave now.
Mole 2 Grammar
不定式作狀語
不定式作目的狀語
He broke into the house to steal something.
Many drug addicts are now in treatment centers to stop taking drugs.
He』s saving up to buy a new car.
He uses a computer to send emails.
2)有時候在不定式前面加上in order to或 so as to, 否定式為 in order not to 和so as not to:
Let』s hurry so as to go to school in time.
Let』s hurry so as not to be late for school.
She studied very hard in order to catch up with others.
She studied very hard in order not to lag behind.
3) 不定式表示目的時,通常它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語,但如果不是的話,就要用for… 結構表示邏輯主語,如：
Mom opened the door for Jane and Betty to come in.
Mole 3 Grammar
I. 時間狀語從句
II. 過去完成時
時間狀語從句
. 常見的連接時間狀語從句的連接詞有:
when, while, as, before, after, until/till, since, ever since, whenever, as soon as, no sooner… than,
hardly / scarcely… when 等
When
When 還有意義為『這時』，(at this time)『那時』(at that time) 常用於下列句型：
Somebody was doing something when……某人正在做 ……突然 ……
Somebody was about to do something when…….某人正要做 ……突然 ……
Somebody had just done something when……某人剛剛幹了……這時……
1, I was reading English when my teacher came in.
2, I was about to talk in the classroom when the teacher came in.
3, I had just made the mistake when the teacher came in .
While
觀察：
While they were doing homework, someone broke into the house.
While he was still a teenager, he was a big star.
分析：while引導的從句表示「在……過程中」，強調某一段時間內主句和從句的動作在同一時期發生。從句的動作表示較長時間，因此常用延續性動詞。
While 表示強烈的對比關系，可譯成「然而」
She is tall while I am short.
While I was studying English, he was playing football.
As
試觀察：
1) As they were picking tea, the girls were singing happily.
強調兩個動作同時進行
2) As he grew older, he found it difficult to compose good music.
兩種情況一起發展變化
分析：as引導的從句表示「當……時；一邊……一邊……」，主句和從句的動作同時發生，強調伴隨。有時可譯為「隨著」。
過去完成時
1過去完成時的構成:
「助動詞had+過去分詞」
The public wondered why the president hadn』t attended the top conference.
2. 過去完成時的用法:
1). 過去完成時主要用來表明在某個時間或動作之前已經發生的動作, 它表示時間是「過去的過去」。如:
The patient had died when the doctor arrived.
Up until then they had just finished half the work.
He had pressed the button before we could stop him.
When I had finished my everyday work, I did some gardening.
2). 如果發生的動作很短暫, 或兩個動作緊接著發生, 則常用一般過去時代替過去完成時。尤其是在含有before, after, as soon as的復合句中, 因為它們本身的詞義就可以表示出先後順序。如:
Just before I left New York, I sent an e-mail to Mr White, my teacher in the university.
3). 過去完成時還可以表示未能實現的希望、願望等, 常用的動詞有except, hope, mean, suppose, think 等。如:
I had hoped to send him a telegram to congratulate him on his marriage, but didn』t manage it.
Mother had expected me to come to her birthday party, but I really had a lot of important work to do.
Note:
當動作緊接著發生, 次序明顯時, 只需用一般過去時。
When he got home from work, he was very tired. He opened the door, turned on the light, washed his face and went to bed without taking off his clothes.
2.與某個時間段或時間點連用時, 一般過去時表示動作在這個時間發生, 而過去完成時表示動作在這個時間之前就已經完成。如:
He learned Russian ring his stay in Russia.
He had already learned Russian ring his stay in Russia.
3. 在間接引語中，與過去完成時連用的時間狀語從句常用一般過去時代替過去完成時。如：
He told me somebody had phoned when I was out.
John said the film had been on five minutes when he got to the cinema.
Mole 4 Grammar
–ing form and the infinitive
作主語
(1) -ing形式和不定式都可在句中用作主語。一般情況下可以互換。
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
=Learning a foreign language is not easy. 學習外語是不容易的。
(2) 表示具體的, 特定情況下的或有待於完成的動作時, 常用不定式。
① To finish such a novel will take me several days.
讀完這本小說需要花去我幾天的時間。
② It』s impossible to get to Beijing in three hours this time, because there is something wrong with our car. 看來這次三個小時是到不了北京了, 因為我們的車出問題了。
在 「It is + 形容詞(如necessary) + for/ of sb. 」的結構後, 通常用不定式作真正的主語。而 「It is no use/no good/a waste of time」後通常接ing形式。
It』s quite impossible to finish the work with so little money.
用這么少的錢想完成這項工作是不可能的。
② It』s no use asking him for help.
向他求助是沒有用的。
There is no 結構後只能接ing形式。There is no knowing whether he is dead or alive. 無從得知他是死是活。
作表語
(1) 兩者都可用作表語, 而且一般情況下可以互換。
His work is to paint houses. = His work is painting houses.
他的工作就是粉刷房屋。
表示具體的, 特定情況下的, 將來的動作, 通常用動詞不定式。
Our homework today is to finish the exercises 2 and 3 on page 10.
我們今天的作業就是完成第10頁的練習2和3。
(3) 主語與表語通常要保持形式一致。
To see is to believe. =Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。
作賓語
(1) 有些動詞後面只能用不定式作賓語，常見此類動詞有：
ask, agree, beg, decide, determine, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, set out, want, wish, expect, demand
① She decided to help him.
她決定幫他。
admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, can』t help, consider(考慮), delay, deny, enre, enjoy, excuse, escape, face, fancy, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, keep, keep on, mind, miss, mention, pardon, permit, practise, put off, risk, resist, suggest, understand等。
① The doctor advised taking more exercise. 醫生建議多做運動。
② I suggest doing it in this way. 我建議這樣做。
注意: 一些動詞短語中含有介詞to, 不要和不定式中的to混淆。常見此類短語:
be used to, come to, devote to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, pay attention to, refer to, stick to等。
①I really must get down to considering it seriously. 我真的必須認真考慮一下這事了。
② We are looking forward to seeing you again. 我們盼望著再次見到你。
有些動詞後既可接ing形式, 也可接不定式, 而且意義上沒有差別。常見此類動詞: can』t stand, prefer, learn, continue等。
① I can』t stand seeing/to see good food going to waste. 我無法忍受看到好好的糧食被浪費掉。
② She continue to work/working after having a baby. 有了孩子後她仍然繼續工作。
(4) begin, start後跟不定式或動名詞皆可, 通常可以互換, 但在下列情況下, 只用不定式。
1) start, begin本身為時行時時。
The boy noticed his father was beginning to get angry, so he ran away. 那個小男孩注意到他的父親開始生氣了, 所以就跑開了。
2) 當主語為非生物名詞或it時。
A strong wind started to blow.
一陣強風開始颳起來。
3) 當其後接表示心理活動的詞時, 如understand, realize, know, see等。
He began to realize the importance of foreign languages.
他開始意識到外語的重要性。
4) 在hate, like, love後, 表示經常性, 習慣性的動詞時, 通常用動名詞; 表示特定的、具體的某次行為則用不定式。
I don』t like bothering him when he is busy. 我不喜歡在他忙得時候打擾他。
② I usually like staying with him, but I even hate to see him that night. 我通常喜歡和他在一起，但是那天晚上我甚至不想見到他。
(5) 在remember, forget, try, go on, regret, mean, stop, want, need, require等動詞後既可接ing, 也可接不定式, 但含義不同。
1) remember to do記著去做(還沒有做的事)
remember doing記得做過某事
2) forget to do 忘記要去做某事
forget doing 忘記了做的事
3) go on to do 繼續做另一件事
go on doing 繼續做(原來做的)同一件事
4) regret to do 遺憾將要做某事
regret doing 後悔做過某事
5) mean to do 打算做某事
mean doing 意味著做某事
6) stop to do 停止(正在做的事)去做另一件
stop doing 停止正在做的事
7) try to do 努力做某事
try doing 償試著做某事
8) want to do 想要做某事
want doing 需要被
9) need/require to do 需要做某事
need/require doing 需要被
① Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.
離開時請記著關燈。
② Certainly I posted your letter—I remember posting it.
我當然給你寄信了, 我記得寄過它。
③ The machine needs cleaning.( needs to be cleaned).
這台機器需要清潔了。
作賓補
(1) 常見用不定式作賓補的動詞。
allow, help, warn, ask, force, tell, expect, promise, wish, want
① We expected him to win an Olympic gold medal. 我們期盼他贏一枚奧運金牌。
② Tell him to come early.
告訴他早點來。
(2) 不定式(不帶to)和動詞ing形式都可在感官動詞和使役動詞(feel, make, let, see, hear, watch, listen to, look at, notice, observe)後作賓補。不定式強調動作發生了, 完成了; ing形式則強調動作正在進行。
① I saw a man walk into the garden and pick some flowers. 我看到一個男的進入花園, 摘了一些花。(進園摘花的動作已完成)
② I saw a man walking into the garden. 我看到一個男的正在進入花園。(walk這個動作在「我看的時候」正在進行)
③ We heard him sing a song at the party.我們在晚會上聽他唱了一首歌。(他唱了一首, 我們完整的聽了一首。)
④ I heard him singing a song when passing his window.
經過他的窗戶時，我聽到他正在唱歌。(我只聽了一部分, 沒有聽完, 我過去後他可能還在唱）
(3) 不定式在感官動詞和使役動詞後作賓補時，在主動語態時，不能帶to, 而變為被動語態時，要加上to。
① They saw him steal Tom』s money. 他們看到他偷了湯姆的錢。
② He was seen to steal Tom』s money. 他被看到偷了湯姆的錢。
作狀語
不定式作狀語, 通常表示目的, 結果, 有時也放在形容詞、過去分詞後表示原因; ing形式作狀語時通常表示時間、原因、條件或伴隨等。
① I』ve taken some money out of the bank to buy a laptop. (目的)
為了買手提電腦, 我從銀行了取了錢。
② He hurried to the school (only) to find nobody there.(結果) 他匆忙趕到學校, 卻發現那兒沒人。
③ I』m glad to hear that.(原因) 聽到那件事我很高興。
④ Seeing the picture, he couldn』t help
thinking of those memorable days.(時間) 看到這張照片(的時候), 他情不自禁地想起了那些難忘的日了。
⑤ Not knowing his address, we couldn』t get in touch with him. (原因) 不知道他的地址, 我們無法和他取得 聯系。
⑥ Working hard, you will get what you want. (條件) 努力工作, 你會得到你想要的東西的。
⑦ The baby was lying in bed crying. (伴隨) 嬰兒在床上哭泣。
Mole 5 Grammmar
狀語從句
原因狀語從句
結果狀語從句
時間狀語從句
地點狀語從句
條件狀語從句
讓步狀語從句
時間狀語從句
1. 由when, whenever, as , while, after, before, until, till, since, once, as soon as, 等引導的時間狀語從句。
1> When the bell rang, the guard was waiting in his seat.
2> While ants grow they change their forms three times.
3> Three months went by before Aqiao knew it.
2. 由the minute, the moment, the instant, the day, the week, the year, the first time, any time, every time, each time, the last time, all the time, from the time, by the time, immediately, instantly, directly 等引導的時間狀語從句。
1> 我一見到你就認出了你。
I recognized you the minute I saw you.
3. 其中the minute, the moment, the instant, the second, 以及immediately, instantly, directly 表達的意思一樣, 都是 「一…就…」 可以相互替換。
Eg: You must show the gentleman in immediately he comes.
You must show the gentleman in the minute /the moment/instantly he comes.
另外還要注意 hardly …when… ,scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…的意義和用法。
這三者的意思都是 「一…就…」. 通常都是hardly, scarcely, no sooner 位於句首,他們後面的主句用had done,且倒裝.而when, than 後面的從句用一般過去時。
Eg: Hardly/scarcely had I got home when it started to rain.
when, while, as 引導的時間狀語從句的區別。
1> 作為 「當…時」講,when可以和延續性動詞連用,也可以和短暫性動詞連用,而while 和as 只能和延續性動詞連用。
2> when 從句的謂語動詞可以在主句動詞之前或之後發生或同時發生.而while 和as 從句的動詞必須是和主句的動詞同時發生。
When he had finished his homework, he took a rest.
When I got to the airport, the guests had left.
也就是說當主從句動作同時發生,切從句動作為延續性動詞時, 三者可互換。
When/While/As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.
3> when 還有 「在那時」 通常用在以下句型中。
be about to do …when…
had done…when…
be doing…when…
be on the point of doing…when…
4> as 還有 「因為」 「作為」 「隨著」 「一邊….一邊」
As the time went on, the weather got worse.
The little girl sang as she went.
5> 在將來時的從句中常用when, 且從句必須用一般現在時。
You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.
6> when還用在表示 「一…就…」的句型中。
Hardly/Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang.
7> while 還做並列連詞 「然而」 表對比。和從屬連詞 「盡管」 的意思, 相當與though/although。
While he is a little boy, he knows a lot.
I』m working while my wife is watching TV.
『肆』 高中英語必修四第二三單元語法動詞ing作主語賓語表語定語賓語補足語講解
首先來你要懂2個簡單句型：
主語源+謂語+賓語+補語--------補語是補充說明賓語的身份、情況等，補語和賓語之間有邏輯關系
主語+連系動詞+表語
其次，你說的分詞和不定式
doing---表主動、習慣性
done---表完成，表被動
to do---表將來一個具體的動作，表目的。
認真搞懂上面1、2，就不怎麼難了！
『伍』 高中英語必修3語法
情態動詞
情態動詞表推測的三種句式
1.在肯定句中一般用 (一定)，may（可能），might /can, could（也許，或許）。 （1）He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 他一定/可能/也許知道這個問題的答案。
2.否定句中用can』t / couldn』t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。 （1）It can』t/couldn』t be the headmaster. He has gone to America. 這不可能是校長，他去美國了。 3.疑問句中用can/could (能……?)。 （1）Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任務完成了嗎？ （2）Can he be at home now? 他現在能在家嗎？
註：以上三種句式中情態動詞的語氣按程度都是依次遞減的。Might, could並非may, can的過去式，而表示語氣較為委婉或可能性較小。
（二）情態動詞表推測的三種時態
1.對將來情況的推測，用「情態動詞 + 動詞原形」。
（1）She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也許到。
2.對現在或一般情況的推測，用「情態動詞 + be」，「情態動詞 +be doing」或「情態動詞 + 動詞原形」。 （1）He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也許正在聽收音機。
註：情態動詞 should /ought to表推測時，意為「想必會，理應……」但與「have +過去分詞」連用時，則又可構成虛擬語氣意為「本應該做某事卻沒做」。例如： （4）It』s seven o』clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment. 現在七點鍾了，傑克理應隨時到達。（推測） （5）She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. （虛擬） 她本該出席你的生日晚會的，可是她得在醫院照顧她媽媽。 （6）Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. （虛擬） 湯姆本不該告訴我你的秘密，可是他並無惡意。
助動詞(auxiliary)主要有兩類：基本助動詞(primary auxiliary)和情態助動詞(modal auxiliary)。基本助動詞有三個：do, have和be；情態助動詞基本的有十四個：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.had better 上述兩類助動詞的共同特徵是，在協助主動詞構成限定動詞片語
名詞性從句
主語從句
作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當從句的成分。
賓語從句
名詞從句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。
表語從句
在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣，表語從句位於連系動詞後，有時用as if引導。其基本結構為：主語 + 系動詞 + that從句。例如： The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實是我們已經輸了這場比賽。 That』s just what I want. 這正是我想要的。
【注意】whether 可引導表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用於引導表語從句。
同位語從句
同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內容。同位語從句通常由that引導，可用於同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
『陸』 高中英語必修三全語法和短語
一.單詞: birthplace novel boyhood adventure phrase author scene penniless wander pavement businessman permit ahead bay nightfall fault spot passage unpaid account embassy patience envelope unbelievable steak pineapple dessert amount rude manner scream genuine issue fake rag indeed bow barber 二.詞和片語 1.bring up 撫養;培養;教育;提出 2. by accident 偶然;無意中;不小心 3. go ahead 前進;(用於祈使句)可以;往下說 4. account for 導致;作出解釋 4. on the contrary 與此相反;正相反 5. take a chance 冒險 6.in rags 衣衫襤褸 7.as for 關於,至於 8.be based on 以。。。。為基礎9. know /know about be well known/be better known /be best known/be famous for/ as/to 因為、作為 。。。而聞名10.a large sum of money 一大筆錢 11.what…do with how…deal with 12.what do you think of….13.make a bet 打賭 14. survive a month 生存一個月 15. wander about/around/on …漫遊;漫步;漂泊 16.be lost in …lost in thought 陷入深思17.on the left/right 在左邊 18. lead the way 領路/the way leading to…通向。。。的路19.through the front door從前門進(出) 20.How well do you know…你非常了解。。。嗎?21..I'm hoping to….我正希望。。。22.stare at 盯著看 23.carry out 執行完成sb be carried out to 被帶到。。。地方去 24. give up 放棄25.seek for 尋求26.to be honest /fair /sure /exact 誠實地說,公平地說,那是一定的,確切地說27.on the one's way (to ….) 在去。。。路上,即將成為,就要。。。28.show…in /out 領某人進來,送某人出去29.on the exact spot 就在那個地方 a dirty spot 污點 spot her friend 認出她的朋友 30. a long passage 長長的走廊afford the passage 付得起船費31.be dressed in 穿著。。。衣服 32.earn/ make a/one's living 謀生33. be seated 坐 34.take sb's order 請某人點菜 two orders 兩份 35. extra thick 特厚 36. pay(too much ) attention to (特別)注意 三.句子 What luck!/Good luck! 祝你好運 It was all my fault.都是我的錯 It was the ship that brought you to England.強調句 The table's reserved . 那張桌子有人訂了 I can't change this bank note .我不能換開這張鈔票 You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. 你想什麼時候來就什麼時候來。。。。。
希望採納
『柒』 高中英語人教版必修一二三的語法知識點有哪些
建議去書店買一本跟教材匹配的語法書，上面講的特別全，但是我認為語法在於一點一滴的累積，單獨學會覺得特別枯燥。
『捌』 英語必修二三單元語法問題~感謝來訪者！
樓上的在說什麼呀。。。。
你的參考資料意思是說，這些詞語都是瞬時動詞，舉個例子吧，比如borrow【借】，是指你把東西從別人那裡借過來這一個瞬間動作，所以不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，不可能從別人手裡接過一本你借的書你要接好幾個小時吧。。。所以如果你想說【我借了一本書，借了兩天】。是指你得到那本書後的狀態是兩天。就應該翻譯成I keep【得到】 the book for two days。而不能說
I borrow the book for two days。
下面我給你一個列表，橫線左邊都是不能與一段時間連用的瞬時動詞，右邊則是將瞬時動詞轉換的相應的可延續性動詞
leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over,
join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
close→be closed
呼。。。打字好辛苦 。。希望我的回答能夠幫到樓主！不懂的還可以問我！
『玖』 誰能告訴我高中英語（人教版）必修2、3、4、5的單元語法重點是什麼，不需要展開，大概的就可以了。
必修2 第一單元，非限制性定語從句的 第二單元 一般將來時的主被動 第三單元專現在完成時的主被動屬 第四單元 現在進行時的主被動 第五單元 介詞+which/whom的用法
必修3 一二單元 情態動詞的用法 三單元 賓語從句和表語從句 四單元 主語從句
五單元 同位語從句
必修4 第一單元 主謂一致 第二單 v-ing作主語和賓語的用法 第三單元 v-ing作表語，定語和賓語補足語 第四單元 v-ing作狀語 第五單元 構詞法
必修5 第一單元 過去分詞作定語和表語 第二單元 過去分詞作賓語補足語 第三單元 過去分詞作狀語 第四單元 倒裝句 第五單元 省略句