㈠ 人教版七年級英語下冊重點短語總匯,語法總結。
人教版新目標英語七年級（下）各單元知識概要
Unit 1 Where』s your pen pal from?
一、片語
be from= come form 來自...
pen pal=pen friend 筆友
like and dislike 好惡；愛憎
live in….在...居住
speak English 講英語
play sports 做體育運動
a little French 一些法語
go to the movies 去看電影
an action movie 一部動作片
on weekends 在周末
Excuse me 對不起，打擾
get to 到達、抵達
beginning of 在...開始的時候
at the end of 在...結束的時候
arrive at /
二、句型
（1）、Where主 +be+主語＋from?
主語＋be+from+地點.
（2）、Where do/does+主語＋live?
主語＋live/lives in…
（3）、What language do/does +主語+speak?
主語＋speak/speaks….
（4）、主語＋like/likes+doing…
三、日常交際用語
1－Where is your pen pal from?
－He』s from China.
2－Where does she live?
-－She lives in Tokyo.
3－Does she speak English?
－Yes,she does/No,she dosen』t.
4－Is that your new pen pal?
－Yes,he is /No,he isn』t.
5－What language does she speak?
－She speaks English.
Unit 2 Where』s the post office
一、片語
post office 郵局
pay phone 投幣式公用電話
next to 在...隔壁
across from 在...對面
in front of 在...前面
between…and… 在...和...之間
on a street 在街上
in the neighborhood 在附近
on the right/left 在右邊／在左邊
on one』s right/left 在某人的右邊／左邊
turn right/left 向右／左轉
take a walk 散步
have fun 玩得開心
the way to …去...的路
take a taxi 打的／乘計程車
go down(along)…沿著...走
go through...穿過...
have a good trip 旅途愉快
二、句型
(1)、Is there a bank near here?
Yes,there is .It』s on Centre Street.
No,there isn』t.
(2)、Where』s the sumpermarket?
It』s next to the library.
(3)、Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.
(4)、I hope you have a good trip.
(5)、If you are hungry,you can buy food in the restaurant.
(6)、Talk a walk though the park..
(7)、enjoy後接名詞或動詞-ing形式.
Do you enoy(=like) your work?
Do you enjoy(=like) living in the city?
三、日常交際用語
(1)、Is there a ….?句型Eg:
-Excuse me.Is there a hotel in the neighborhood.
-Yes, there is. No.there isn』t
(2)、Where is …?句型Eg:
-Where is the park,please?
-It』s behind the bank.(肯定回答)
-I』m sorry I don』t know. (否定回答)
(3)、Which is the way to +地點? 句型.例如：
- Which is the way to the library.
(4)、How can I get to +地點?句型.例如：
-How can I get to the restaurant?
(5)、Can you tell me the way to +地點？句型.例
- Can you tell me the way to the post office?
(6)、Let me tell you the way to my house.
(7)、Just go straight and turn left.
Unit 3 Why do you like koalas?
一、片語
want to do sth .想要做某事
want sb to do sth 想要某做某事
want sth 想要某物
Let sb do sth 讓某人做某事
kind of 有幾分\種類
a kind of 一種…
…years old …年齡 如：ten years old 十歲
like to do sth 喜歡做某事
like doing sth
play with … 與...一起玩
be quiet 安靜
ring the day 在白天
at night 在夜間
have a look at.. 看...
one…the other 一個...另一個...
二、句型
(1)、-why do you like pandas?
-Because they』re very cure.
(2)、-Why dose he like koalas?
-Because they are kind of interesting.
(3)、-Where are lions from?
-Lions are from South Africa.
(4)、-What animals do you like?
-I like elephants.
三、日常交際用語
(1)、-Let』s see the lions.
(2)-Why do you want to see the lions?
-Becase they are very cute.
(3)-Do you like giraffes?
Yes,I do./ No,I don』t
(4)-What other animal do you like?
_I like dogs.too
other+ 名詞的復數.表示沒有特定的數量范圍
the other+名詞的復數表示有特定的數量范圍.
(5)-Why are you looking at me?
-Because you are very cute.
(6)-Let us play games. –Great!
Let me see.
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一、片語
want to be+職業 想要成為。。。
shop assistant 店員
bank clerk 銀行職員
work with 與。。。一起工作
work hard 努力工作
work for 為。。。而工作
work as 作為。。而工作
get.. from…從。。。獲得。。。
give sth.to.sb /give.sb.sth 把某物給某人
正確的表示：give it/them to sb.
錯誤的表示：give sb.it/them
in the day 在白天
at night 在夜間
talk to /with 與…講話
go out to dinners 外出吃飯
in a hospital 在醫院
newspaper reporter 報社記者
movie actor 電影演員
二、句型
(1)-What do/does+某人+do?
例：-What do you do?-I』m a student.
-What dose he do? He』s a teacher.
(2)-What do/does+某人+want to be?
例：What do you want to be?-I want to be a teacher.
-What does she want to be ?She want to be a nuser.
(3)-Where does your sister work?
-She works in a hospital.
(4)-Does he work in the hospiat
Yes.he does/No,he doesn』t
(5)-Does she work late?
-Yes,she does/No.she doesn』t
(6)－英語中詢問職業的幾種表達方式：
What do/does …do?
What is…? What is your father?
What』s one』s job?例：What』s your father』s job?
Unit 5 I』m watching TV.
一、片語
do homework 做家庭作業
watch TV 看電視
eat dinner 吃飯；就餐
clean the room 打掃房間
read newspaper/a book 看報紙／看書
go to the movies 看電影
write a letter 寫信
wait for 等待；等候
talk about 談論。。。。
play basketball/soccer/ 打籃球／踢足球
take photos 拍照
TV show 電視節目
Some of。。。 。。。中的一些
a photo of my family 我的家庭照
at school 在學校
be with 和。。。一起
in the tree 在樹上
二、句型
(1)-What+be+主語+doing? ….正在做什麼？
-主語＋be+doing。。。 …正在做某事。
例： －what are you doing?
-I』m doing my homework.
(2)-Thanks for … 為。。。而感謝
例：Thanks for your letter.
(3)-Here are/is…
例：Here are some of my photos.
Here is a photo of my family.
(4)-That sounds good.
(5)-This TV show is boring.
三、日常交際用語
(1)-Do you want to go to the movices? –Sure.
(2)-When do you want to go? –Let』s go at seven.
(3)-Where do people play basketball? –At school.
(4)-What』s he waiting for?-He』s waiting for a bus.
(5)-What』s he reading? He』s reading a newspaper.
1)現在在進行時的形式是：
助動詞be(am,is,are)+動詞-ing形式（也叫現在分詞），表示現在（說話的瞬間）正在進行或發生的動作。
2)現在進行時的肯定句形式
主語+be(am,is,are)+動詞現在分詞+其他
I』m watching TV.
3)現在進行時的否定句形式
主語+be(am,is,are)+not+動詞現在分詞+其他
They are not playing soccer.
4)現在進行時的一般疑問句形式及回答:
Is(am,are)+主語+動詞現在分詞+其他?
Yes,主語+is/am/are. No,主語+isn』t/aren』t/am not.
Are you reading? Yes,I am. No,I am not.
5) 現在進行時的特殊疑問句形式:
特殊疑問詞+is/am/are+主語+現在分詞+其他?
例:What is your brother doing?
6) 動詞+ing形式(現在分詞)的構成.
1一般情況下在動詞詞結尾加-ing.
如: eat--eating, do—doing,clean—cleaning,
play—playing,
2以不發音的母音字母e結尾的動詞,先去掉e再加-ing.
如:take--taking,write—writing,have-having
come—coming.dance--dancing
3詞尾如果是以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節詞.應該先雙寫這個輔音字母,再加-ing.
如:run—runing,sit—sitting ,swim—swimming.
Shop—shopping.put—putting,sit—sitting
Unit 6 It』s raning!
一、片語
Around The World 世界各地
On vacation 度假
Take photos 拍照
On the beach 在海邊
a group of people 一群人
play beach volleyball 打沙灘排球
be surprised 驚訝的
be surprised at sth./sb.對某人或某人感到驚訝
in this heat 在酷暑中
be relaxed 放鬆
have a good time 玩得很痛快
in different kind of weather 在不同的天氣里
Thank sb for(doing)sth由於（做）某事而感謝某人
How』s it going? 近況如何
Some…others…一些…另一些…
Look like..看起來像。。。
二、句型／日常交際用語
(1)-How』s the weather(+地點)? –It』s raining?
(2)-What』s the weather like?—It』s sunny./It』s cold and snowing.
(3)-How』s it going? –Great./Not bad.
(4)Thanks you for joining CCTV』s Around The World show?
(5)-Is Aunt Wang there? –Yes,she is/No,she isn』t
Unit 7 What dose he look like?
一、片語
look like 看起來像....
curly /short/straight/long hair 卷／短／直發
medium height/build 中等高度／身體
a little bit 一點兒…
a pop singer 一位流行歌手
play的用法。
wear glasses 戴眼鏡
have a new look 呈現新面貌
go shopping 去購物
the captain of the basketball team 籃球隊隊長
Nobody knows me 沒有人認識我
二、句型
1) --What does he look like?
--He』s really short.He has short hair.
2) --She has beautiful,long black hair.
3) --I don』t think he』s so great .
4) --What do you look like? I』m tall.I』m thin.
5) --What do they look like?-
--They are medium height.
6) --She never stops talking.
--Stop doing(sth)表示停止正在乾的事.
如:He stop listening
--stop to do (sth)表示停下來去做某事
如:He stops to listen.
7)I can go shopping and nobody knows me.
Unit 8 I』d like some noodles.
1.片語
would like 想要
a large/medium/small bowl 大碗/中碗/小碗
what size 什麼尺寸
orange juice 桔汁
green tea 綠茶
phone number 電話號碼
as well as 而且
what kind of 表示….的種類
a kind of 一種…
some kind of 許多種…
a bowl of rice 一碗米飯
a bottle fo orange juice 一瓶桔子汁
three oranges 三個桔子(可數)
a bottle fo orange j 一瓶桔子汁(不可數)
some chicken 一些雞肉(不可數)
three chickens 三隻小雞(可數)
二\句型
1)What kind of … would you like? 你想要…?
EG:--What kind of noodles would you like?
--Beef and tomato noodles. please.
2)We have lare ,medium,and small bowls.
3)I like mplings,I don』t lkee noodles.
三\日常交際用語
(1)—Can I help you?
--I』d like some noodles.please.
(2)--what kind of noodles would you like?
--I』d like mutton and potato noodles. Please.
( 3)—Would you like a cup fo green tea?
--Yes,please./No,thanks
would like後面還可以跟不定式.即:
A:would like to do.sth.想要做某事.
He would like to see you today.
B:would like sb.to.do.sth.想要某人做某事
What would you like me to do.
Unit 9 How was your weekend?
一、片語
do one』s homework 做某人的家庭作業
如：do my homework 做我的家庭作業
play +運動或棋類
如：play soccer 踢足球 play chess 下棋
play +樂器 如：play the guitar 彈吉他
go to the movies 去看電影
do some reading 閱讀
study for the (math) test 准備（數學）考試
stay at home 呆家裡
go to summer camp 去夏令營
go to the mountains 去爬山
visit sb 拜訪某人
go shopping 去購物
last month 上個月
three days ago 三天前
yesterday 昨天
look for 尋找
go for a walk 散步
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上／在下午／在晚上
play computer games 玩電腦游戲
It was time to do sth 該。。。的時候了
二、句型
（1）I visited my aunt last weekend.
(2)-- How was your weekend?
--It was great./OK
(3)—It was time to go home.
三、日常交際用語
(1)—What did you do last weekend?
--On Saturday morning,I played teenis.
(2)—How was your weekend?
--It was great.I went to the brach.
一般過去時態
一般過去時態表示過去發生的動作或存在的狀態,動詞通常用一般過去式來表示,除動詞be的過去式was/were有人稱變化,其他都沒人稱的變化.
過去式的構成
(1) 一般情況下在動詞詞尾加-ed.如:
stay—stayed help—helped visit-visited
(2) 詞尾是e的動詞加-d.
如:like—liked live—lived
(3) 以一個母音字母加一個輔音結尾的重讀閉章節應雙寫該輔音字母,再加-ed.如:
stop—stopped plan—planned
(4) 以輔音字母+y結尾的動詞,要將y改為i再加-ed.如: study—studied worry—worried
(5) 不規則動詞的過去
am/is—was are—were have-had
go—went find—found do—did see-saw
Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation?
一、片語
ptetty good 相當好；不錯
in the conner 在角落
kind of boring 有點無聊
be lost 迷路
feel happy 感到高興
be fun 很有趣
on vacation 在度假
Central Park 中央公園
the Great Wall 長城
the Palace Museum 故宮
Tian』an Men Square 天安門廣場
二、句型
(1)—Where did you go on vacation?
--I went to the breach.
(2)—How was the weather?
--It was hot and humid.
(3)--It was kind of boring
(4)—That made me feel very happy.
(5)--We had great fun playing in the water.
--have great fun doing sth表示「愉快地做某事」，「做某事很有趣」
(6)I helped him find his father.That made me feel very happy.
help sb.(to)do.sth.幫助某人做某事（to可省）
make sb.do.sth. 使某人做某事
let sb.do.sth.
Let me help you carry(搬動) it.
(7)I found a small boy crying in the conner.
find sb.doing sth.發現某人正在做某事。
find sb.do.sth.發現某人做某事（整個過程）
Unit 11 What do you think of game shows?
一、片語
talk show 談話節目
soap opera 肥皂劇
sports show 體育節目
game show 比賽節目
think of 認為
how about… …怎麼樣？＝what about…
in fact 事實上
a thirteen-year-old boy 一個十三歲的男孩＝ The boy is thirteen years old
talk to(with)… 跟 …談話
thanks for… 為…感謝
each student 每個學生
key ring 鑰匙鏈
baseball cap 棒球帽
the school magazine 校刊
can』t stand 不能忍受
don』t mind 不介意／無所謂／不在乎
二、句型
(1)—What do you think of situation comedy?
-- I love them
(2)—I asked students about fashion.
(3)—This is what I think.
(4)--I don』t mind what young people think of me!
(5)—Can you please put my letter in next month』s magazine?
三、日常交際用語
(1)—What do you think of suop operas?
--- I love them/I don』t mind them/I can』t stand them/I don』t like.
(2)—How about you? ---I do.too.
(3)--What do you think of …?
--=How do you like…?
如：What do you think of the picture?
=How do you like the picture?
Unit 12 Don』t eat in class.
一、片語
school rules 學校規章制度
break the rules 違反規章制度
in the hallways 在過道
listen to music 聽音樂
in the music room 在音樂教室里
in the dining hall 在餐廳
sports shoes 運動鞋
gym class 體育課
after school 放學後
have to do 不得不做
too many 太多
get up 起床
by ten o』clock 十點之前
make dinner 做飯
the children』s palace 少年宮
二、句型
(1)—Don』t arrive late for class.
(2)—We can』t listen to music in the hallways,but we can listen to it outside.
(3)—What else do you have to do?
-- We have to clean the classroom.
(4)--Can we wear hats in school?
--Yes,we can/ No,we can』t.
(5)-Do you have to wear a uniform at school?
-Yes,we do /No,we don』t.
重難點精析
祈使句
通常用來表示命令、請求、禁止、建議、警告等語氣。它的主語you(聽話人)通常省略。其構成通常有以下幾種形式。
1)Be型（即系動詞原型be+表語＋其他）。
如：Be quiet,please.
否定句Don』t + be+表語+其他。
如：Don』t be angry.
2)Do型（即系動詞原形＋賓語＋其他）。如：
Open you books,please.
否定句Don』t +實義動詞原形+賓語+其他。
如：Don』t eat in the classroom.
3)Let型（即Let+賓語+動詞原形+其他）如：
Let me help you.
Let』s go at six o』clock.
否定句一般在賓語後加not。如：
Let』 not watch TV.
4)No+V-ing型（此種形式通常用於公共場合的提示語中，意為「禁止做某事「）如：
No smoking! 嚴禁吸煙！
No talking! 不許交談！
No passing! 禁止通行！
No parking! 不許停車
㈡ 我需要人教版七年級英語下冊各單元的所有片語，句型，語法，是我老師要我們收集的，多者得到所有的財富值
句子成分
一 定義
組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。句子成分在英語的學習過程中有著舉足輕重的作用。如果說詞彙是磚，那麼句子成分就如建築的框架結構 。掌握好該部分對整個英語的學習起著事半功倍的效果。英語的句子成分包括主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補語、同位語。
（一） 主語：(subject) 是一個句子的主題( theme)， 是句子句子主要說明的人或事物。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主語的有單詞、短語、從句乃至句子。
1．名詞作主語。
The man is a doctor.
那個男的是醫生
2．代詞用作主語。
He told a joke but it fell flat.
他說了個笑話，但沒有引人發笑
3．數詞用作主語。
One is enough.
一個就夠了。
4．名詞化的形容詞用作主語。（常見的名詞化的形容詞the old ,the young , the rich ,the poor 等，一般情況下它們作主語謂語用復數）。
The old are happy .
老人們很幸福。
5．不定式用作主語。
To see is to believe.
眼見為實。
[特別提醒]：為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it 做形式主語，真正的主語放在句尾。
It is important for us to achieve our dream.
對我們來說 ，實現我們的夢想很重要。
6． 動名詞用作主語。
Smoking is bad for you.
吸煙對你有害。
7．從句作主語。
That you are late for class is impolite.
你上課遲到是不禮貌的。
What you said is right .
你說的是對的。
特別提醒:1.that引導主語從句時, that不可省。
2. 在there be 句型中主語位於be之後。
There are 30 boys in the room.
房子里有30個男孩。
(二 )謂語
謂語是說明主語的動作、狀態或特徵。為方便初學者掌握， 我們按動詞的類別來看謂語的組成，一般可分為五類：
1.不及物動詞（vi.）作謂語。
The sun rises.
太陽升起來。
This medicine works.
這葯有效。
2.及物動詞( vt.)作謂語。
We love China.
我們愛中國。
Tom visited the Great Wall last year.
湯母去年參觀了長城。
He spent one hour finishing the task.
他花了一小時完成這個任務。
特別提醒:實義動詞分為及物和不及物兩大類。在詞彙表中以vt. ,vi.形式呈現。及物動詞後必須跟賓語，不及物動詞後則不能。在記憶動詞時 ，要用熟悉它們及物與否， 這對以後高中定語從句的學習也很重要。
3.系動詞加表語聯合作謂語。
He is a boy.
他是個男孩。
I feel happy.
我感幸福。
The food tastes good.
這食物嘗起來不錯。
註：常見的系表結構有：fall ill, fall asleep , turn red, go bad, go wrong , stay warm, keep quiet,等。一般情況下，系動詞後常跟形容詞作表語。但be動詞不受此限制，具體的表語再述。
4.情態動詞加動詞原型作謂語。
The little boy can speak English.
這個小男孩能說英語。
5.助動詞加動詞原型作謂語。
They didn』t solve the problem last night.
他們昨晚沒解決這問題。
（ 三）賓語（object）
賓語表示動作行為的對象，跟在及物動詞或及物短語之後，不同的動詞後面跟不同的賓語 ，主要可分為簡單賓語、 雙賓語和復合賓語三類。
I.簡單賓語：能作簡單賓語的有名詞、代詞、數詞、動詞不定式、動名詞 、從句等。
1.名詞作賓語。
I love the world.
我愛這世界。
2.代詞作賓語。
She always helps me.
她總是幫我。
3.數詞作賓語。
We need five.
我需要五個。
4.動詞不定式作賓語。
The girl wants to go shopping.
這女孩想購物。
5.動名詞作賓語。
The students enjoy singing.
學生們喜歡唱歌。
6.從句作賓語。
I know (that) you are a good kid.
我知道你是個好孩子。
She told me what I should do.
她告訴我應該做的。
II.雙賓語：有些及物動詞可以帶兩個賓語，往往一個指人，一個指物，指人的叫間接賓語 (direct object)，指物的叫直接賓語(indirect object)。
He gave me some ink.
他給了我一點墨水。
They buy us some books.
他們給我們買了一些書。
I teach them English.
我教他們英語
常見帶雙賓語的動詞有：
第一類：give, lend, bring, send, return, pass, write, show, hand, teach等。
第二類：buy, get, fetch, make, sing, draw等。
間接賓語在句中通常位於直接賓語之前，但有時間接賓語也可以位於直接賓語之後，這時間接賓語前面須加介詞to，表示動作對誰做的，或加介詞for，表示動作為誰做的。一般來說，第一類動詞後的間接賓語可以換為由to引起的短語，第二類動詞之後的間接賓語可換為由for引起的短語。
He gave some ink to me. 他給了我一點墨水。
Please made a model ship for her. 請給她做一艘模型船。
〔教你巧學巧記〕
巧記帶雙賓語的動詞
帶雙賓語的及物動詞，如果把直接賓語置於間接賓語之前，必須在變換時加「to」或「for」。這11個及物動詞可以概括為下邊兩句話，讀起來妙趣橫生，效果很好。
「七給」一「帶」to不少，
「買」「畫」「製作」for來了。
說明：「七給」（give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand）和「帶」（bring）8個及物動詞，在直接賓語前置時，必須在後面加上「to」。即：「vt. ＋sth.＋to＋sb.」
「buy」（買），「draw」（畫），「make」（製作）三個動詞，在直接賓語前置時，則必須在後。
III. 復合賓語：有些及物動詞的賓語後面還需要有一個補足語，意思才完整，賓語和它的補足語構成復合賓語。該部分在補語詳述。
I find the water in the river very dirty.
我發現河裡的水很臟。
[特別提醒] 為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it 做形式賓語，真正的賓語放在句尾。
I find it hard to make ends meet.
我發現我的錢不夠花。
（四）表語：表語是謂語的一部分，它位於系動詞之後，說明主語身份、特徵、屬性或狀態。在be動詞之後可由名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短語 、從句等充當。在其他系動詞之後主要由形容詞充當。
1.名詞作表語。
I』m a teacher.
我是個老師。
Jim turned teacher.
Jim became a teacher.
吉姆成了醫生
特別提醒:turn跟單數的可數名詞不用冠詞，become後則必須用。
2.代詞作表語。
This car is mine.
這車是我的
3.形容詞作表語。
The weather is fine today.
今天天氣好。
His face turned red.
他的臉變紅了。
4.副詞作表語。
Nobody is in
沒有人在。
5.不定式作表語。
To protect the earth is to protect ourselves.
保護地球就是保護我們自己。
6.介詞短語作表語。
I』m in danger.
我在危險中。
7.從句作表語。
The reason why I was late for class is that I miss the first bus.
我上課遲到的原因是我錯過了頭班車。
She didn』t studied hard, that』s why she failed to pass the exam.
她不努力學習，那是她為何考試失敗的原因。
（五） 定語：在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。用作定語的主要是形容詞、代詞、數詞、動詞不定式、v-ing、過去分詞、介詞短語、從句等。形容詞、代詞、數詞、名詞、單個的v-ing作定語時，通常放在被修飾的詞前面。
1.形容詞作定語。
The new teacher is easygoing.
這位新老師很隨和。
2.人稱、指示代詞作定語。
My friend will come.
我的朋友會來。
This book is mine.
這本書是我的。
3.名詞作定語。
The bike shop is around the corner.
自行車在拐角處。
4.數詞作定語。
I need five books.
我需要五本書。
5.動詞不定式作定語。
The first one to come is Lily.
第一個來的是李里=利。
6.V-ing、V-ing短語作定語。
The reading room attracts many students everyday.
閱覽室每天吸引很多學生。
The dog standing in the rain is barking.
站在雨中的狗正在叫。
7.過去分詞及過去分詞短語作定語。
The fallen leaves look like little boats dancing in the wind.
落葉看起來像小船在風中飄舞。
The girl named Rose often surfs the Internet.
名叫羅思的女孩常常上網。
8.介詞短語作定語。
People in trouble are in great need of help.
困境中的人們很需要幫助。
9.從句作定語。
The lady who is in red is my niece.
穿紅衣的女孩是我侄女。
（六） 狀語
修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞以及全句的句子成分，叫做狀語。用作狀語的通常是副詞、介詞短語、不定式和從句等。
1.副詞作狀語。
Please listen to me carefully.
請仔細聽我講。
This method is very useful。
這個方法很有用。
2.介詞短語作狀語。
Smith lived in Paris .
史密斯過去住巴黎。
3.不定式作狀語。
To make a living , he works hard.
為了謀生，他努力工作。
4.從句作狀語。
When I was a child , I wanted to be a scientist.
當我還是個小孩子， 我想成為一名科學家。
(七)補語：用在有些及物動詞的賓語後面補充說明賓語的內容和狀態，以求意思完整，賓語和它的補語構成復合賓語。初高中常考的能跟補語的動詞有 make、 find、 leave、 keep 等 。
1.名詞作補語。
We make him our monitor.
我們讓他當班長。
2.形容詞作補語。
His success made us happy.
他的成功讓我們高興。
Leave the door open.
3.現在分詞作補語。
Don』t keep the water running when you brush your teeth.
當你刷牙時，別讓水流著。
4.過去分詞作補語。
I found myself surrounded by the bees.
我不知不覺被蜜蜂包圍了 。
5. 介詞作補語。
They found themselves in a difficult situation.
他們發現他們陷入困境。
6.動詞原型作補語。
Let me help you.
讓我來幫你。
7.不定式作補語。
You can ask your teacher to give you some advice.
你可以請老師給你一些建議。
〔教你巧學巧記〕
句子成分巧劃分
英語簡單句共有五種基本句型。成千上萬個英語句子都是這五種句型擴大或縮小演變而形成的。英語句子成分的劃分方法與漢語大小相同，尤其是謂語部分更復雜。因為英語動詞有四大類，而且各類動詞的功能也不盡相同。下面我們就劃分英語句子成分的方法，利用口訣加實例的形式進行綜述：
主在前、謂在中、賓語、狀語後面沖①。
短語定語主賓後，形、代定語主賓前②。
間賓直賓緊相依，直、間之間to、for連③。
賓補位於賓語後，地狀常在時間前④。
例1. I have English class on Monday.
主語（在句首） 謂語（在句子中間） 賓語 狀語（在句子末尾）
上述句子成分的劃分用上了第①句口訣，結合上述句子剖析口訣①：
（A）主在前：指主語常位於一個句子的前面（即句首）；
（B）謂在中：指謂語常位於一個句子的中間（尤其指主要謂語動詞）；
（C）賓語、狀語後面沖：指賓語、狀語位於句子的尾部，好像打仗兵、卒在後面沖一樣。
例2. Our politics teacher often tells us
（物主代詞作）定語 主語 （副詞作）狀語 謂 （人作）間賓
a story about Comrade LeiFeng On Saturday.
（事物作）直賓（介詞短語作後置）定語 狀語
上面這個句子成分的劃分用上了口訣第②句和第③句，現將這兩句口訣解釋如下：
（A）短語定語主賓後：指介詞短語或其他短語在句子作定語常放在主語或賓語的後面。如上句中的about Comrade LeiFeng作定語就是 story的後面。
（B）形、代定語主賓前：指形容詞、代詞作定語常位於一個句子的主語或賓語的前面。如上句中的our這個形容詞性物主代詞就放在politics teacher 前面作定語。
（C）句中our這個形容詞性物主代詞就放在politics teacher前面作定語。
（D）間賓直賓緊相依：指某些動詞後面常接兩個賓語（即直接賓語和間接賓語）。在通常情況下，表示人的名詞或代詞作間賓，表示物的名詞或代詞作直賓。而且在結構上間賓後面緊接著是直賓，中間不用任何詞。如果強調直接賓語，則可以把直賓調到間賓之前。這時，直賓後面要加上介詞to或for再接間賓，這就叫「直、間之間to、for連」。如：
例3. He gave some money to me.
主 謂 定 直賓 間賓
ChenHua asked us to watch a volleyball match
主語 謂語 賓語 賓語補足語
in the Capital Stadium next Sunday.
地點狀語（位於時間狀語之前） 時間狀語
上述句子成分的劃分用上了第④句口訣。現將這句口訣解釋如下：
（A）賓補位於賓語後：指賓語的補足語常常位於賓語的後面，如上句中的to watch a volleyball match位於賓語us之後作補足語。
（B）地狀常在時狀前：指地點狀語常常在時間狀語的前面，如上句中的in the Capital Stadium就是放在next Sunday之前。
例4. This boy is my brother.
主語 系 + 表語（謂語）
上述句子中含有連系詞，「連系動詞＋表語」構成謂語，這是一個特定結構。
第二節 句子的類型
一 簡單句：由一個主語（或並列主語）和一個謂語或（並列謂語）構成的句子。英語的簡單句主要有五種類型。
（一）主語+謂語 （S +Vi）
Birds fly.
鳥飛翔。
（二）主語+謂語+賓語(S + V t +O)
We love China.
我們愛中國。
（三）主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語(S + V t + O i + O d )
He gave me a hand yesterday.
他昨天幫了我。
（四）主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補語(S + V t + O + O c)
The boss asks the girl to go abroad.
老闆叫那個女孩出國。
The player made us laugh.
那個演員讓我們笑了。
（五）主語+系動詞+表語(S+V-link +P)
Ms Xiong is very beautiful.
熊女士很漂亮。
二．並列句:由連詞and ,but ,so however, therefore, while 等連接兩個或兩個以上的的簡單句而構成的句子。
He loves English and I loves English, too.
他喜歡英語， 我也喜歡英語。
I know the news ,but I don』t want to tell him.
我知道那個消息， 但是我不想告訴他。
He is in trouble now, so you should help him.
他現在陷入困境了， 你應該幫助他。
[特別提醒]
在用英語表達時，句與句之間必須有恰當的關聯詞。不能讓兩個句子孤零零的放在那裡。
對：Lily always works hard, so she win the first place every term.
錯：Lily always works hard, she win the first place every term.
三 復合句:含有從句的句子就叫復合句。由從屬連詞引出的句子是從句，與從句相對的是主句。根據從句在句中的作用，從句可分為名詞性從句，
（主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句，同位語從句），形容詞從句（定語從句），副詞性從句（狀語從句）。
What I told you is important.我告訴你的事情很重要。
主語從句
主句
People say that tomorrow is another day.人們都說明天又是新的一天。
賓語從句
主句
That』s why you go.那是為什麼你離開。
表語從句
主句
The news that he is a king is still unknown to everyone here.
同位語從句
這兒的每個人都不知道他是個國王的事情。
主句
God helps those who help themselves. 天助者自助之。
定語從句
主句
Because he was ill, he didn』t go to school.
原因狀語從句 主句
因為他病了 ，所以他沒有去上學。
四 並列復合句:並列句中含有從句的句子。
I know the news that his father was fired ,but I don』t want to tell him.
我知道他父親被炒的事情，但我不想告訴他。
第三節 句子的種類
一．陳述句 說明一個事實或者陳述說話人的看法通常用降調，句末用句號。英語的句號是一個點「.」陳述句分為肯定句和否定句兩種。
肯定句 We can go there.
我們能去那兒。
否定句 we can』t go there.
我們不能去那兒。
二． 疑問句
1. 一般疑問句 以be, have,情態動詞或助動詞開始，通常要求用yes或no回答，有時也可用certainly , perhaps , not at all等回答。 句子通常用升調。
Are you ready?
你准備好了嗎？
Do you love dogs?
你愛狗嗎？
Have you ever been to Shanghai?
你去過上海嗎？
2. 特殊疑問句:以疑問代詞who, whom, whose, which, what和疑問副詞when, where, why, how以及how引出的片語 how many， how long 等開頭的句子，不能用yes或no來回答,讀降調。
When shall we go?
我們什麼時候去？
What do you do?
你干什麼工作？
How many people are there in your family?
你家有多少人？
3. 選擇疑問句：提出兩個（或多個）選項看哪一個是正確的句子，兩部分（或多部分）由or連接，or前的部分讀升調，or後的部分讀降調。Or可連接兩個（或多個）表語、賓語、狀語、謂語動詞或分詞，不能用yes或no來回答，語序為一般疑問句。
-- Are you a student or a teacher?
你是老師還是學生？
--I 『m a teacher.
我是老師。
4.反義疑問句:提出情況或看法，問對方是否同意的句子，一般由兩部分組成：「肯定的陳述句，+否定的簡略句」或「否定的陳述句+肯定的簡略問句」陳述句的部分通常為降調，簡略問句的語調有兩種：當說話者對稱述部分表述懷疑時用升調，當說話者堅信陳述部分是事實時用降調;用yes 或no回答。
--You went to school yesterday ,didn』t you?
你昨天上學去了，對吧？
--Yes, I did./No , I didn』t.
不，我去了 。/對， 我沒去。
--It isn』t yours, is it?
他不是你的，是吧？
--Yes, it is ./No, it isn』t.
不，是我的。/是的，不是我的。
[特別提醒]
1． 陳述部分含有no ,hardly, never, little, few等含有否定意義的詞時，其後的簡略部分不用否定。（不包括帶有否定意義的前後綴的詞，如dislike ,unfair等）
The boy has few friends, does he?
這個男孩沒有朋友，對吧？
Mary dislikes singing, doesn』t she?
瑪麗不喜歡唱歌 ，是嗎？
2.祈使句的反義疑問句。
Let』s go out to play, shall we?
我們出去玩，好嗎？
Let us go fishing, will you ?
去釣魚，好嗎 ？
3.如果主句的謂語是think, suppose, believe, imagine, expect, feel等且
主語為第一稱或第二人稱時簡略問句僅有肯定或否定是與主句相對應，而主語和時態等卻要與賓語從句一致：
I don』t think he can come back , can he?
我想他不能回來，是嗎？
三． 祈使句:表示請求、命令、叮囑、號召等，謂語動詞用原形；祈使句一般都讀降調；句末用 「!」或 「.」
Come here, please!
請過來！
Don』t laugh at others.
不要嘲笑他人。
四．感嘆句: 表示喜怒哀樂等情緒，句末用感嘆號「！」；讀降調；多用what或how引起；what用來修飾一個名詞；how修飾一個形容詞、副詞或動詞：
What a nice lake it is!
那是一個多美的湖啊！
What fine weather it is!
多好的天氣呀！
How clever the kid is!
這個小傢伙多聰明哈！
How nice a lake it is!
多美的湖啊！
How well she dances!
她跳得多好！
How he loved his family!
他多麼愛他的家！
走 向高考
1. (2007北京卷)You have failed two tests. You』d better start working harder, ____you won』t pass the course.
A.and B. so C. but D. or
答案：D
譯：你已經兩科掛了，你最好還是開始努力學習，否則你又過不了。 析：or連接的並列從句。
2. (2007北京卷) When you』ve finished with that book, don』t forget to put it back one the shelf, ____?
A. do you B. don』t you C. will you D. won』t you
答案:C
譯：你讀完那本書後，別忘了把它放回書架，好嗎？
析：祈使句的反義疑問句。
3. (2007湖南卷) Reality is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, _______the way they actually are.
A. as B. or C. but D. and
答案:C
譯：事實不是你想像的，也不是它表面的那樣的，而是他本來的樣子。
析：but連接的並列從句。
練
㈢ 七年級下冊英語（人教版）7、8、9模塊的語法，句型，重點短語
Unit7 What does he look like?
一．短語
1. look like 看起來像.... 2. curly /short/straight/long hair 卷／短／直發
3. medium height/build 中等高度／身體 4. a little bit 一點兒…
5. a pop singer 一位流行歌手 6 .have a new look 呈現新面貌
7. go shopping (do some shopping) 去購物 8. the captain of the basketball team籃球隊隊長
9. be popular with sb 為---所喜愛 10. one of --- ---中的一個
11 .stop to do sth 停下來去做某事 12. stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情
13 .tell jokes/ stories 講笑話/ 講故事 14. have fun doing sth 愉快地做某事
15. remember ( forget) to do sth 記得（忘記）做某事（沒有做的）
16 . remember (forget) doing sth 記得（忘記）做過某事（已做）
二．本單元的重點句：
1.Is that your friend? No, it isn』t. 2. What does she look like?
3. I think I know her. ( I don』t think I know her.) 4. Wang Lin is the captain of the basketball team.
5. She』s a little bit quiet. 6 .Xu Qian loves to tell jokes.
7 .She never stops talking. 8 .She likes reading and playing chess.
9. I don』t think he』s so great. 10. I can go shopping and nobody knows me.
11. Now he has a new look.
三．重難點解析
1. What does/ do +主語 + look like? 詢問某人的外貌特徵，看上去什麼樣？
Eg: What does your friend look like?
2. 形容頭發時， 可按照先長短，後曲直， 最後說顏色的順序說。(長形色)
Eg: She has long curly black hair.
3. one of + 名詞復數 ，謂語動詞要用「單三」形式。
Eg: One of his friends is a worker.
4. 不定代詞做主語時， 謂語動詞要用「單三」形式。修飾不定代詞詞，應該放在它的後面．
Eg: I can go shopping and nobody knows me.
5．He is …(通常為形容詞，包括身高、體形等)
He has…（通常為形容詞修飾的名詞，包括頭發、五官）
He wears…（穿、戴、留。可以是衣服、帽子、鞋子等，也可以是眼鏡、手錶、胡須）
6．I don』t think…的用法 表達否定的看法I don』t think she is good-looking.(否定主觀態度)
Unit 8 I＇d like some noodles
一． 短語
1．beef and tomato noodles＼noodles with beef and tomato 牛肉西紅柿面
chicken and cabbage noodlesmutton and potato noodles
tomato and egg noodlesbeef and carrot noodles
2．would like to do sth \want to do s.th 想要作某事
3．what kind of noodles什麼種類的面條 4．what size bowl of noodles什麼大小碗型的面
5．a large＼medium\small bowl of noodles 大＼中＼小碗的面
6．ice cream冰淇淋orange juice桔汁green tea綠茶RMB人民幣phone number
7． House of Dumplings＼noodles餃子＼面館Dessert House甜點屋
二．重點句型
1． What kind of vegetables\meat\ drink food would you like?
I』d like …… I』d like chicken and cabbage noodles.
2. What kind of noodles would you like? I』d like beef noodles.
3. What kind of noodles would you like? I』d like chicken and cabbage noodles.
4. What size bowl \plate of noodles would you like?
5. I』d like a large \ medium\ small bowl noodles.
6. What size cake would you like? I would like a small birthday-cake.
三．重難點解析
1．would like 想要 （表示一種委婉的語氣）其用法相當於want.
would like + 名詞 would like an apple (want an apple)
would like to do sth He would like to play soccer.
----Would you like to see the dolphins? ----Yes, I』d like to.
（1）would 是情態動詞，沒有人稱和數的變化，可與人稱代詞縮寫為』d, 與其它情態動詞一樣可幫助完成疑問句和否定句。（你能舉出例子嗎？） 我想要些牛肉。 I』d like some beef.
她想去打乒乓球。She would like to play ping-pang. （你能變否定句和疑問句嗎？）
（2) Would you like sth.? 是提建議的一種句型，如需用一些，用some而不用any.
肯定回答是： Yes, please./ All right./ Yes./OK. 其否定回答是：No, thanks.
2． What kind of noodles would you like?
kind 在此句中作「種類」講，a kind of 一種，all kinds of 各種各樣的。kind of 有幾分
A cat is a kind of animal. There are all kinds of animals in the zoo The cat is kind of smart.
3．Can I help you?你要買什麼? 肯定Yes, please . I would like …… 否定No, thanks.
Unit 9 How was your weekend
一．短語
1. play +運動 play soccer play tennis play sports
play the + 樂器 play the guitar play with…和某人＼物玩耍
2．have +三餐 have breakferst \lunch \ supper
3. study for… clean the room visit sb stay at homehave a party talk show
4．go to the beach go to the movies go for a walk go to the mountains
5．go shopping\do some shopping \go to the shop 買東西
6．last weekend＼over the weekend 上周末on weekends 每周末
7．on +某日＋morning\afternoon\evening (或具體的某一天) in + morning\afternoon\evening
in+世紀\年＼月＼季節at +時刻last (next) month＼year\week
8．what about＋n\v-ing\pren=how about ……呢
9. spend the weekend last week 度過上周的周末
10．it』s time to do sth＝it』s time for sth 該做么的時候了 11．look for尋找．．．．．
二，重點句型和語法
1．一般過去時
表示過去發生的動作或存在的狀態,通常與過去的時間狀語連用:
yesterday ,last week(month,year)
（1）系動詞be的過去時: am(is) →was, are →were
陳述句：He was at home yesterday.
否定句：He wasn』t at home yesterday.
疑問句：Was he at home yesterday? Yes ,he was./No ,he wasn』t.
（2）行為動詞的一般過去時:
陳述句：主語+動詞過去式+其它 I go to the movie. →I went to the movie.
否定句：主語+助動詞didn』t+動詞原形+其 I don』t go to school today. →I didn』t go to school.
一般疑問句：Did +主語+動詞原形+其它Do you have breakfast? →Did you have breakfast?
Yes,I do./No,I don』t. Yes,I did./No,I didn』t.
（3）規則動詞的過去式變化規則
變化規則 例詞
一般在詞尾加—ed. play→played
以不發音的e結尾的，只加--d. like →liked
love →loved
以輔音字母+y 結尾的，變y為i ,再加—ed. study →studied
carry →carried
以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ed stop →stopped
plan →planned
動詞不規則變化：
do →did have →had go →went see →saw read →read get →got
give →gave sleep →slept eat →ate write →wrote find_---found
2. what』s the date today? It』s …
3. What was the date yesterday? It was…
What』s the weather like today? It』s …?
4. How was your weekend?
6．What did she do ? She did her homework
7．What did he do last weekend ? He played soccer
8．．It』s time to go home= It』s time for home
㈣ 求七年級下冊英語重點短語人教版 新目標
1.Where is your pen pal from?
--He』 from Australia.
=Where does your pen
pal come from?
-- He comes from Japan.
Where are you from?
--I』m from
the United States.
2.Where does she live?
--She lives in Paris.
3.What
language does he speak？
--He speaks French.
4. Where is Toronto?
--It』s in Canada.
Unit 2
1.Is there a bank near here (in the neighborhood)?
--Yes,
there is. It』s on Center Street.
No, there isn』t.
2.Where』s the
supermarket?
--It』s across from the post office.
3.Go straight down New
Street and turn right.
4.Turn left at Bridge Street.
5.There』s a pay phone
on your left.
Unit 3
1.Let』s see the koalas.
--Why do you like
koalas？
--Because they』re very cute.
2.Why does he like
elephants?
--Because they』re kind of interesting.
3.Where』re lions
from?
-- They』re from South Africa.
4.What (other) animals do you like.
--I like dolphins.
Unit4
1.What does she do?/ What』s her job?
/What』s she?
--She
is a doctor/reporter/bank clerk/waiter…
2.What do you do??
–I』m a shop
assistant.
3.Where does she work?
She works in a hospital/TV
station/bank/restaurant.
4.What does she want to be ?
-- She wants to be
a policewoman.
5.Why does he want to be a policewoman?
--Because it』s an
exciting job.
Unit 5
1.What are you doing?—I』m watching TV.
2.What is he/she
doing?—He/She is cleaning.
3.-What are they doing?
-They』re talking on
the phone
4.Is Nancy doing homework?
--No, she isn』t. She』s writing a
letter.
5.-Do you want to go to the movies?
--Yes, I do./Sure./That
sounds good.
6.When do you want to go
--Let』s go at 8:00.
7.Where is he
eating dinner? (現在進行時)
--He』s eating dinner at home.
8.-Where do people
play basketball? (一般現在時)
--They play basketball at school.
Unit 6
1. How』s the weather in Jiaxing?
=What』s the weather like
in Jiaxing?
---It』s sunny and hot. (windy and cool)
2. How』s it
going?
--Pretty good/Great/Not bad/Terrible/Just so-so.
3.What do you do
when it』s raining?
--I stay at home and read a book
4.現在進行時的用法：
5..V-ing 變化規則：
Unit 7
1.short/curly/long/straight hair：短/卷/長/直發
2.medium
height/build：中等高度/身材
3.look like：看起來象
4.the captain of the basketball
team：籃球隊隊長
5.be a little bit quiet：有點兒少言寡語
6.stop doing sth.：停止做某事
7.like playing chess ：喜歡下棋
8.wear glasses：戴眼鏡
9.a pop singer：一個流行歌手
10.a new look：一個新的形象
11.black/brow/blonde hair：黑色/棕色/金黃色的頭發
12.last
month:上個月
13.a woman with long black hair:一個有著長長金發的婦女
Unit8
1.What kind of：哪一種
2.would like sth.：想要某東西
3.a
small/medium/large bowl of noodles：
小/中/大碗的面條
4.orange juice： 桔子汁
5.green tea：綠茶
6.a mpling house/House of sumplings:
一家餃子店
7.phone number：電話號碼
8.tomato soup：西紅柿湯
Unit 9
1.do one』s homework：做家庭作業
2.play soccer：踢足球
3.clean
one』s room：打掃某人的房間
4.go to the beach：去海灘
5.play tennis：打網球
6.go to
the movies：去看電影
7.last weekend：上周末
8.do some reading：閱讀
9.practice
English：練習英語
10.study for the match test：為數學考試准備 11.last week ：上周
12.on
Saturday morning ：在星期六的早晨
13.a talk show：一個談話節目
14.go for a walk：去散步
15.a nice day：晴朗的一天
16.play with：與…一起玩
17.a busy weekend：一個繁忙的周末
18.look for：尋找
19.watch a movie：看電影
20.It』s time to do
sth.：是做某事的時候了
Unit10
1.visit sb.拜訪某人<
2.summer camp ：夏令營
3.visit museum：參觀博物館
4.on vacation：度假
5.great weather：好天氣
6. all
day/night/year：整天/夜/年
7.have great fun playing：玩得高興
8.be crowded：擁擠
9.find sb. doing sth.：發現某人正在做某事
10.be lost：迷路
11.help sb.do
sth.：幫助某人做某事
12.make sb. do sth.：使某人做某事
13.be tired：疲倦
14.decide to
do sth.：決定做某事
15.The Great Wall:長城
Unit11
1.talk/game/spors show：談話/游戲/體育節目
2.soap pera：肥皂劇；連續劇
3.situation comedy/sitcom：情景喜劇
4.don』t mind/like：不介意/喜歡
5.can』t
stand：不能容忍
6.think of：認為
7.agree with sb.：同意某人意見
8.in
fact：事實上;實際上
9.a thirteen-year-old boy：一個13歲的男孩
10.sports shows：體育節目
11.Animal World：動物世界
12.Tell it like it is!：實話實說
13.Culture
China：中國文化
14.Chinese cooking：中國烹飪
15.key ring：鑰匙鏈
16.ask sb. about
sth：問某人關於某事
17.colorful clothes：顏色鮮艷的衣服
18. English Today:今日英語
19.
Sports News:運動新聞
Unit12
1.be late for class：上課遲到
2.listen to music：聽音樂
3.have to ：不得不
4.what else：別的什麼
5.sports shoes：運動鞋
6.go out :出去 7.after
school/class：放學/下課以後
8.What's up ?：什麼事？
9.school magazine：校刊
10.I
don』t .either.：我也不
11.on school nights：在學生有課的晚上
12.Children』s
Palace：少年宮
13.school/family rules：校/家規
14.make dinner：做飯
15.wear a
uniform:穿制服
16.gym class:體育課
17.enjoy nice words about my looks:喜歡贊美自己的話
18.wash the clothes:洗衣服
㈤ 求人教版初一下冊英語片語，語法，重點。
初一下冊重點
1. 介詞：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1). in表示"在……中"， "在……內"。
in our class 在我們班上
in the desk 在桌子里
2). on 表示"在……上"。
on the wall 在牆上
3). under表示"在……下"。
under the tree 在樹下
4). behind表示"在……後面"。
behind the door 在門後
5). near表示"在……附近"。
near the bed 在床附近
6). at表示"在……處"。：
at home 在家
7). of 表示"……的"。
a map of China 一張中國地圖
2. 冠詞 a / an / the:
冠詞位於限定的名詞前，用來署名名詞所指的人或事物。有不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。不定冠詞有兩個形式，即a和an。a用在以輔音音標開頭的詞前，如a book; an用在以母音音標開頭的字母前，如an apple.
a或an與可數名詞單數連用。
This is a cat.
這是一隻貓。
He is a teacher.
他是個老師。
the既可以用在可數名詞前，也可以用在不可數名詞前，表示某個或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到過的人或事物。
Who's the boy in the hat?
戴帽子的男孩是誰呀？
------ What can you see in the classroom?
------ I can see a bag.
------ Where's the bag?
------ It's on the desk.
------- 你能在教室里看到什麼呀？
------ 我能看見一個書包。
------ 書包在哪呀？
------ 在桌子上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.：
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好書。
②在疑問句和否定句中用any。
Is there any ink in your pen?你的鋼筆里有墨水嗎？
There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里沒有水。
little的用法
a little dog 一隻小狗，a little boy 一個小男孩。little常用來修飾有生命的名詞。
*但little還可表示否定意義，意為"少的"，後面跟不可數名詞。
There is little time. 幾乎沒時間了。
⑵ 片語
on the desk 在桌子上
behind the chair 在椅子後
under the chair 在椅子下面
in her pencil-box 在她的鉛筆盒中
near the door 在門附近
a picture of a classroom 一個教室的圖片
look at the picture 看這張圖片
the teacher's desk 講桌
a map of China 一張中國地圖
family tree 家譜
have a seat 坐下，就坐
this way 這邊走
二. 日常用語
1. Come and meet my family.
2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.
3. Glad to meet you.
4. What can you see in the picture?
I can see a clock / some books.
5. Can you see an orange?
Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
6. Where's Shenzhen?
It's near Hong Kong.
7. Let me see.（口語）讓我想想看。
see 在這是"明白、懂了"，不可譯作"看見"。例如：
8. Please have a seat.
seat表示"座位"，是個名詞。have a seat表示"就坐"，也可以說take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。
三. 語法
1. 名詞所有格
名詞如要表示與後面名詞的所有關系，通常用名詞所有格的形式，意為"……的"。一般有以下幾種形式：
（1）. 一般情況下在詞尾加"'s"。例如：
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我媽媽的朋友
（2）. 如果復數名詞以s結尾，只加"'"。例如：
Teachers' Day 教師節
The boys' game 男孩們的游戲
（3）. 如果復數名詞不以s結尾，仍加"'s"。例如：
Children's Day 兒童節
Women's Day 婦女節
（4）. 表示兩個或幾個共有時，所有格應加在後一個名詞上。例如：
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房間
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
動物和無生命事物的名詞的所有格一般不在詞尾加"'s"，而常常用介詞of的短語來表示。
a map of China 一幅中國地圖
the name of her cat 她的貓的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一張照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的門
2. 祈使句
祈使句主要用來表示說話人的請求、命令、建議、叮囑等意圖。祈使句一般不用主語，讀時用降調。為使語氣委婉、禮貌，常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾時，please前多用逗號。
（1）. 祈使句肯定形式的謂語動詞一律用動詞原形。
Go and see. 去看看。
Come in, please. 請進。
（2）. 祈使句的否定形式常用don't於句首。
Don't look at your books. 不要看書。
Don't play on the road. 不要在馬路上玩。
3. There be 的句子結構
There be是一個"存在"句型，表示"有"的意思，
肯定句的形式為：There be + 名詞（單數或復數）+地點狀語或時間狀語。
be動詞單復數的確定，看be後邊第一個名詞，當所接主語為單數或不可數名詞時，be動詞形式為is；當所接主語為復數名詞時，be動詞為are；當be動詞後接兩個以上主語時，be動詞與最臨近主語保持數上的一致。意思為"某地有某人或某物"。如：
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一塊橡皮和兩支鋼筆。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有兩支鋼筆和一塊橡皮。
（1）there be的否定句，即在be的後面加上not。
否定形式為：There be + not + (any) + 名詞+地點狀語。
There is not any cat in the room. 房間里沒貓。
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上沒書。
（2）there be句型的疑問句就是將be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名詞+地點狀語？肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 畫上有一隻狗嗎？
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河裡有船嗎？
---No, there aren't. 沒有。
（3）特殊疑問句：How many . . . are there (+地點狀語)？"某地有多少人或物？"回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有時直接就用數字來回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少學生？
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一個。/有九個。
（4）如果名詞是不可數名詞，用：How much + 不可數名詞 + is there + 地點狀語？
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水？
How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物？
㈥ 人教版七年級英語下冊單詞、短語、語法復習
1. 他輕輕走出教室,因為他惟恐打擾了他人.
He went out of the classroom quietly ____________________________________________.
2. 在下雨，恐怕火車不能准點到了。
It』s raining. ____________________________________________. on time.
3. 今天他早起了一點，這樣上學就不會遲到了。
He got up a little earlier so that ____________________________________________.
4. 幫助別人也會給我們自己帶來很多快樂。
Helping others ____________________________________________.
5. 大部分青少年喜歡上網。
Most of the teenagers ____________________________________________.
6. 你介意幫我一把嗎？盒子太沉了。
____________________________________________.? The box is too heavy.
7. 現在已是春天，天氣越來越暖和了。
It』s spring now. The weather ____________________________________________.
8. 我們每天都應該幫父母做家務。
We』re supposed to____________________________________________.
9. 你願意花時間志願幫助老人嗎？
____________________________________________. help the old?
10. 我喜歡流行歌曲。他們總讓我激動。
I like pop songs. They always ____________________________________________.
11. Sam喜歡運動，而Tom喜歡靜靜地讀書。
Sam likes playing sports, ____________________________________________.
12. 我們來踢足球吧。
我有一點累了，我願意睡一會兒。
--- ____________________________________________.
--- I』m a little tired. ____________________________________________. for a while.
13. 大部分人都喜歡音樂。有的人喜歡可以隨之哼唱的音樂,有的人則喜歡可以隨之起舞的音樂。
Most people like music. ____________________________________________.they can sing
along with, ____________________________________________.
14. 我剛才聽見有人在走廊大聲說話。
I ____________________________________________. in the hallways just now.
15. 連續學習三個多小時後，Amy停下來休息。
After____________________________________________. for more than three hours, Amy ____________________________________________.
16. 別爬樹了。危險。
____________________________________________.It』s dangerous!
17. 下周日是媽媽的生日了。給她一個讓她想不到的禮物如何
Next Sunday is mother』s birthday. ____________________________________________.?
18. 您能給我們一些假期的建議嗎？
____________________________________________. for the vacation?
Key:
1. He went out of the classroom quietly because he was afraid of troubling others.
2. It』s raining. I』m afraid that the train can』t arrive on time.
3. He got up a little earlier so that he wouldn』t be late for school today.
4. Helping others brings us a lot of happiness as well.
5. Most of the teenagers enjoy surfing the Internet.
6. Do you mind giving me a hand? The box is too heavy.
7. It』s spring now. The weather is getting warmer and warmer.
8. We』re supposed to help parents do some chores every day.
9. Would you like to volunteer your time to help the old?
10. I like pop songs. They always make me excited.
11. Sam likes playing sports, while Tom enjoys reading quietly.
12. --- Let』s play football.
--- I』m a little tired. I like to sleep for a while.
13. Most people like music. Some like music they can sing along with, others like music they can
dance to.
14. I heard someone talk loudly in the hallways just now.
15. After keeping studying for more than three hours, Amy stopped to have a rest.
16. Stop climbing the tree. It』s dangerous!
17. Next Sunday is mother』s birthday. How about giving her a surprise gift?
18. Could you please give us some suggestions for the vacation?
be afraid of doing sth / that
be famous / late / ready / sorry for
buy / give /show / send / pass / bring / lend / tell sb sth
enjoy / hate / finish / mind / keep / go on doing sth
get + 比較級
help sb (to) do / help sb with
Would you like to …?
keep / make sth + adj.
like to do / like doing
make / let sb (not) do sth
One … the other … / Some … others …
see / hear sb do (doing) sth
stop to do / stop doing
What about / How about …?
Will (Would, Could) you please …?