Ⅰ 多少歲能參加考英語四級
英語四級可以考CFA，cfa考試報考對考生的英語水平無特別要求，不過cfa考試為全英文考回試，cfa考生的英語水平最好答能夠正確理解試題及正確表達考生觀點的基礎之上。
CFA報考條件：
根據CFA特許金融分析師協會的要求，報考不限定專業，如果你對資產管理、投資研究、咨詢服務或投行感興趣，只要符合下列條件就能報名參加CFA考試：
1. 擁有學士學位或相當的專業水準以上，對專業沒有任何限制；大學學習年限與全職工作經驗合計滿四年；如果申請人不具備學士學位，而是具備相當的專業水準，也可被接受為候選人。 4年制本科學歷（大四在校生） 3年制大專學歷加上1年全職工作經驗 2年制大專學歷加上2年全職工作經驗
2.遵守職業道德規范；
3.完成注冊和報名以及支付費用；
4.能夠用英語參加考試。
Ⅱ 英語四級作文:世博會在上海舉辦,作為一個上海人或中國人,該怎麼做
Celebrations spread across China when Shanghai, the Oriental Pearl was given the right to host the right to host the 2010 World Expo on December3.
Shanghai won the honor after beating rivals from Russia, Mexio, Poland and South Korea.
Bidding for the Expo shows that China is more confident of playing a more important role on international stage. It is competing for large events and the next one could be the World Cup.
The World Expo is known as the "Olympics of the economic,cultural,scientific and technological fields''. Lt is usually held every 5 years and lates for six months.
Ⅲ 大學英語4級 翻譯
經濟發復展導致環境嚴重污制染,大量的空氣和水資源被工業廢水和意外事故.發電車間在發電的同時,也在產生燃煤和天然氣的污染.現在我們在為保護環境而努力.環境保護發實施了.我們實行了眾多的工程來清潔我們的河流和湖泊.因此我們有了一個更潔凈衛生的環境了.然而我們應該注意到,環境保護對我們來講仍然是一個需要長期努力的問題,因為大多數環境問題都是源於經濟的發展.任何可能導致污染的經濟活動,都將不可能馬上解決污染的問題.所以在發展經濟的同時,我們應該考慮也許會破壞生態平衡的方面,並長期應對經濟發展對生態平衡的所帶來的威脅.與過去想比,我們現在取得了一些表面的勝利,但展望未來,我們扔需更加努力.
一看就是四級的材料,只有中國人寫得出這種東西來.
讀起來硬得跟鋼筋混凝土一樣.
Ⅳ 馬上四級考試了，有作文預測嗎求助
四級考試最有可能考的功能段落應該是：現象、建議、意義和原因;次之為危害和觀點對比。無論考何種形式作文，最簡易的處理方式是：有漢語提綱則按照漢語提綱寫相應的功能段落，若無漢語提綱則按照話題和內容要求直接寫相應的功能表達或自己列出基本提綱再寫相應功能表達!圖表和圖畫、書信亦可如此!
圖畫、話語評論和圖表作文可按照相同模式來處理：首段引出話語，圖畫和圖表，並對其內容描述評論;二段寫對應現象、意義或危害，尾段寫看法和建議並展望!背誦功能表達組合完成作文。
話題1：老年人孤獨生活
Part I Writing ( 30 minutes )
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the lonely life of aged people. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Given is a simple but thought-provoking cartoon: an aged grandma sits in front of mirror, looking at "herself" in the mirror and saying to herself, "I feel rather lonely when my son goes to work and my grandson studies in school."
首句功能為：引出圖畫;之後為圖畫內容描述，主要是四要素：人/物、動作、文字和環境，寫出四要素中的兩三點即可。
Obviously, this cartoon can be naturally associated with the significance of children』s accompany for aged parents: if elderly people intend to enjoy happiness, it is advisable for their children to spend more time in parents. In contemporary society, it has become a trend for young people to be busy with their work and study. Meanwhile, an increasing number of youngsters find it difficult to have spare time to accompany lonely parents. However, it is alt children』s accompany that enables aged parents to build up adequate hope, love and enthusiasm for life. As a matter of fact, young people in large numbers have not come to realize the loneliness of aged people.
二段首句：圖畫聯系主題;之後if句為圖畫簡單評論;in contemporary society一句為圖畫所暗含的社會現象;meanwhile一句為相關人+具體感受;however之後為強調句式，論述意義;尾句是萬能總結。
As a youngster, I am convinced that it is of great necessity for us to accompany aged parents, no matter how busy we are. Accordingly, we should ecate, advocate and encourage our friends, classmates and acquaintances tolove, respect and care all elderly people. (196 words)
尾段首句：觀點;二句建議;尾句展望未來。
話題2：網路謠言
Part I Writing ( 30 minutes )
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay by commenting on the remark "It is unbelievable for people to believe what they should not believe: Internet rumors." You can cite some examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Given is a simple but thought-provoking remark: "it is unbelievable for people to believe what they should not believe: Internet rumors." Obviously, this saying can be naturally associated with the seriousness of rumors: if we intend to have a positive Internet environment, it is advisable to eliminate/refuse rumors. (51)
In contemporary society, it has become a trend for indivials to surf the Internet for the information they need. Meanwhile, an increasing number of people find it rather difficult to distinguish the true news from rumors. Searching the Internet, we can notice a great many examples like this: false news, ads and pictures. (危害) Then, it is these rumors that lead the public to be cheated, confused and even panic. As a matter of fact, experts in large numbers have come to realize the importance of Internet honesty.
As a regular Internet surfer, I am convinced that it is of great necessity for government to punish rumor makers. Accordingly, we should ecate, advocate and encourage our friends, classmates and acquaintances to refuse making and spreading rumors. Sparing no efforts to do so, we will witness a hopeful and promising future of Internet life.
Ⅳ 這12月份的英語四級作文題目最有可能考什麼類型的，最有可能是什麼話題。
英語四級考試最有可能考的作文話題是：現象、建議、意義和原因、次之為危害和觀點對比。無論考何種形式作文。
最簡易的處理方式是：有漢語提綱則按照漢語提綱寫相應的功能段落，若無漢語提綱則按照話題和內容要求直接寫相應的功能表達或自己列出基本提綱再寫相應功能表達，圖表和圖畫、書信亦可如此。
圖畫、話語評論和圖表作文可按照相同模式來處理：首段引出話語，圖畫和圖表，並對其內容描述評論；二段寫對應現象、意義或危害，尾段寫看法和建議並展望，背誦功能表達組合完成作文。
話題1：老年人孤獨生活
Part I Writing ( 30 minutes )
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the lonely life of aged people. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Given is a simple but thought-provoking cartoon: an aged grandma sits in front of mirror, looking at "herself" in the mirror and saying to herself, "I feel rather lonely when my son goes to work and my grandson studies in school."
首句功能為：引出圖畫;之後為圖畫內容描述，主要是四要素：人、物、動作、文字和環境，寫出四要素中的兩三點即可。
Obviously, this cartoon can be naturally associated with the significance of children』s accompany for aged parents: if elderly people intend to enjoy happiness, it is advisable for their children to spend more time in parents. In contemporary society, it has become a trend for young people to be busy with their work and study. Meanwhile, an increasing number of youngsters find it difficult to have spare time to accompany lonely parents. However, it is alt children』s accompany that enables aged parents to build up adequate hope, love and enthusiasm for life. As a matter of fact, young people in large numbers have not come to realize the loneliness of aged people.
二段首句：圖畫聯系主題；之後if句為圖畫簡單評論；in contemporary society一句為圖畫所暗含的社會現象；meanwhile一句為相關人+具體感受；however之後為強調句式，論述意義；尾句是萬能總結。
As a youngster, I am convinced that it is of great necessity for us to accompany aged parents, no matter how busy we are. Accordingly, we should ecate, advocate and encourage our friends, classmates and acquaintances tolove, respect and care all elderly people. (196 words)
尾段首句：觀點；二句建議；尾句展望未來。
Ⅵ 英語四級作文萬能模板 強烈推薦！！
希望對你有所幫助：段首句常用句式如下：
1. 關於……人們有不同的觀點。一些人認為……
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2. 俗話說（常言道）……，它是我們前輩的經歷，但是，即使在今天，它在許多場合仍然適用。
There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3. 現在，……，它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更為糟糕的是……。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.
4. 現在，……很普遍，許多人喜歡……，因為……，另外（而且）……。
Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.
5. 任何事物都是有兩面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6. 關於……人們的觀點各不相同，一些人認為（說）……，在他們看來，……
People』s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
7. 人類正面臨著一個嚴重的問題……，這個問題變得越來越嚴重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8. ……已成為人的關注的熱門話題，特別是在年青人當中，將引發激烈的辯論。
______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9. ……在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用，它給我們帶來了許多好處，但同時也引發一些嚴重的問題。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10. 根據圖表/數字/統計數字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可以看出……。很顯然……，但是為什麼呢？
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why?
Ⅶ 如何寫好大學英語四級作文
!在此，祝願大家都順利通過大學英語四級考試!一、段落發展的幾種手段1. 列舉法(details)作者運用列舉法，是通過列舉一系列的論據對topic sentence中擺出的論點進行廣泛、全面地陳述或解釋，列舉的順序可以按照所列各點內容的相對重要性、時間、空間等進行。Yesterday was one of those awful days for me when everything I did went wrong. First, I didn't hear my alarm clock and arrived late for work. Then, I didn't read my diary properly and forgot to get to an important meeting with my boss. During the coffee break, I dropped my coffee cup and spoilt my new skirt. At lunch time, I left my purse on a bus and lost all the money that was in it. After lunch, my boss was angry because I hadn't gone to the meeting. Then I didn't notice a sign on a door that said "Wet Paint" and so I spoilt my jacket too. When I got home I couldn't get into my flat because I had left my key in my office. So I broke a window to get in-and cut my hand.根據本段主題句中的關鍵片語everything I did went wrong，作者列舉了8點內容，分別由first, then, ring the coffee break, after lunch time等連接詞語引出，使得該文條理清楚、脈絡分明、內容連貫。常用於列舉法的過渡連接詞有：for one thing , for another, finally, besides, moreover, one another , still another, first, second, also等。2. 舉例法(example)作者通過舉出具體事例來闡述、說明主題句的內容，嚴格地講，舉例法也是列舉法的一種，它們的區別在於：列舉法側重羅列事實，所列事實力求全面;而舉例法側重通過舉出典型事例來解釋作者觀點，且事例可多可少。我們來看下面這個用舉例法展開的段落。There are many different forms of exercises to suit different tastes. For example, those who enjoy competitive sports may take up ball games. For another example, if they prefer to exercise alone, they can have a run or take a walk in the morning or in the evening. Besides, people can go swimming in the summer and go skating in the winter. In short, no matter what their interests are, people can always find more than one sports that are suitable to them.本段採用了三個事例來說明主題句中的關鍵片語different forms of exercises，這三個例子分別由連接詞for example, for another example 和besides引出，最後由引導的結尾句總結全段內容。舉例法中常用的連接詞有：for example(instance), one example is, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition等。3. 敘述法(narration)敘述法發展段落主要是按照事物本身的時間或空間的排列順序，通過對一些特有過渡連接詞的使用，有層次分步驟地表達主題句的一種寫作手段。用這種方法展開段落，作者能夠清楚連貫地交待事物的本末，從而可以使讀者可以清晰、完整地理解文章的含義，例如：In the flat opposite, a woman heard the noise outside. When she looked out through the window, she discovered that her neighbour was threatened by someone. She immediately called the police station. In answer to the call, a patrol police car arrived at the scene of the crime quickly. Three policemen went inside the flat at once, and others guarded outside the building to prevent anyone from escaping.這段是按照事物發展的先後順序，敘述從發現案情、報警、到警察趕到、包圍現場的過程。全文脈絡清晰，敘述的層次感強，結構緊湊。常用於敘述法中的過渡連接詞有：first, an the beginning, to start with, after that, later, then, afterwards, in the end, finally等。4. 對比法或比較法(comparison & contrast)將同類的事物按照某種特定的規則進行比較分析是一種常用的思維方法。通過對比，更容易闡述所述對象之間的異同和優缺點，例如：The heart of an electronic computer lies in its vacuum tubes, or transistors. Its electronic circuits work a thousand times faster than the nicer cells in the human brain. A problem that might take a human being a long time to solve can be solved by a computer in one minute.在這段文字上， 作者為了突出電子計算機運行速度之快，首先將它與人腦進行了比較， "---a thousand times faster than ---" ;而後，又將這一概念具體到了 "a problem"上，通過對比使讀者從 "---a long time ---in one minute"上有更加直觀的認識。常用於對本法或比較法上的過渡連接詞有：than, compared with等。5. 分類法(classification)在闡述某一概念的段落中，常用分類法。通過對概念中所包括的事物進行分門別類，分別加以敘述，使讀者有更為清晰的認識，如：Ever since humans have lived on the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists and the people unable to hear or speak have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very vivid and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction. Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in signal flags, Morse code, and picture signs.在該段中為了說明topic sentence中的 "various forms of communication"，作者將其分為oral speech, sign language, body language及other forms of nonlinguistic language，並逐加闡述。採用這種方法的段落並沒有標志突出的連接詞，所述各項均為平行並列關系，所以沒有明顯的主次之分。6. 因果分析法(cause and effect )在闡述某一現象的段落中，常採用因果分析法。例如：The role of women in today's society is changing. One reason is that women have begun to assert themselves as independent people through the women's movement. Also, women are aware of the alternatives to staying at home. Another reason is that increasing numbers of women who enter new fields and interests serve as role models for other women. Moreover, men are becoming more conscious of the abilities of women and have begun to view their independence positively.本段中，主題句提出了一種社會現象，推展句則對產生這種現象的原因作出各種解釋。 常用於因果分析法的連接詞有：because, so, as a result等。7. 定義法(definition)在科普文章的寫作中，定義法是必不可少的。通過下定義，可以使讀者對該事物有一個更直接的認識。Automation refers to the introction of electronic control and automation operation of proctive machinery. It reces the human factors, mental and physical, in proction, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American instry has been called the "Second Instrial Revolution".這一段文字使我們了解了 "automation" 和 "Second Instrial Revolution" 兩個概念，分別由 "refers to" 和"been called" 引出。常出現在定義法中的詞語有：refer to , mean, call等。8. 重復法(repetition)句子的一部分反復出現在段落中，這就是重復法。它往往造成一種步步緊逼的氣氛，使文章結構緊湊，有感染力。比如：Since that time, which is far enough away from now, I have often thought that few people know what secrecy there is in the young, under terror. I was in mortal terror of the young man who wanted my heart and liver; I was in mortal terror of my interlocutor with the iron leg; I was in mortal terror of myself, from whom an awful promise had been extracted;---該段中反復應用了I was in motal terror of …我經常處於恐怖之中。以上， 我們結合具體文章討論了展開段落的幾種方法。在實際寫作中，我們往往不必拘泥於一種寫作方法，而是將若干方法穿插在一起，使文章有聲有色。二、結尾段我們知道文章的開頭很重要，因為好的開頭可以吸引讀者、抓住讀者的注意力。同樣，文章的結尾也很重要，好的結尾會使讀者對全文的中心思想留下深刻的印象，可以增添文章的效果和說服力，讓人深思，回味無窮。確切地說，結尾的作用就是概括全文內容，進一步強調或肯定文章的中心思想，使讀者加深印象;有時也用於展望未來，提出今後方向或令人深思的問題給讀者留下回味和思考的餘地。但是，如何才能寫好英文短文的結尾呢?下面就介紹幾種寫結尾段最常用的方法：1.重復中心思想 回到文章開頭闡明的中心思想或主題句上，達到再次肯定和強調的效果。(例1)A sense of humor is really one of the keys to happiness. It gives zest to life to makeit worth living.(例2)With all these benefits, it is no wonder that sports and games have now becomemore popular with people than ever.2.作出結論 文章最後用幾句話概括全文內容，並進一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的觀點。(例1)In conclusion, a good teacher-student relationship can be mutual beneficial. The students gain knowledge eagerly and enjoyably, and the teacher gains satisfaction from his job.(例2)On the whole there are more advantages than disadvantages in the use of TV. Yet different people may have different attitude toward TV. But we must realize that television in itself is neither good nor bad. Its value to people and society depends on how we look at it.3.應用引語 用格言、諺語或習語總結全文，既言簡意賅又有更強的說服力。(例1) If you have anything to do, try to do it yourself, for that is the safest way topermanent success. Remember the famous saying. "Heaven helps those who help themselves."(例2)If we stick to studies day after day, there is nothing that can't be achieved. As an old saying goes: "Constant dropping of water wears away a stone."4.用反問結尾 雖然形式是問句，但意義卻是肯定的，具有明顯的強調作用，引起讀者思考。(例1)Therefore, listening skills must be consciously improved. Since it is such an important means of learning and communication, why should we not develop this ability as far as possible?(例2)So，what can we benefit from wealth if we do not have health?5.提出展望或期望 表示對將來的展望或期待讀者投入行動。(例1)I am sure that Chinese will become one of the most important languages in the world in the next century. As China will open further to the outside world the language is sure to be spread world widely.(例2) If everyone has developed good manners, people will form a more harmonious relation. If everyone behaves considerately towards others and social ethics people will live in a better world. With the general mood of society improved, there will be a progress of civilization.以上介紹了幾種寫結尾段最常用的方法，但到底選擇何種方法結尾還得根據文體來決定。平鋪直敘的記敘文，往往在故事或事實情節講完時文章也就自然結束了，而說理性和邏輯性較強的說明文和議論文都應有一個正式的結尾。希望以上介紹的幾種方法能對大家寫好結尾有所幫助。
Ⅷ 英語四級作文萬能句子有哪些
關於段首句的 希望對你有所幫助 呵呵
1. 關於……人們有不同的觀點。一些人認為……
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2. 俗話說（常言道）……，它是我們前輩的經歷，但是，即使在今天，它在許多場合仍然適用。
There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3. 現在，……，它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更為糟糕的是……。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.
4. 現在，……很普遍，許多人喜歡……，因為……，另外（而且）……。
Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.
5. 任何事物都是有兩面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6. 關於……人們的觀點各不相同，一些人認為（說）……，在他們看來，……
People』s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
7. 人類正面臨著一個嚴重的問題……，這個問題變得越來越嚴重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8. ……已成為人的關注的熱門話題，特別是在年青人當中，將引發激烈的辯論。
______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9. ……在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用，它給我們帶來了許多好處，但同時也引發一些嚴重的問題。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10. 根據圖表/數字/統計數字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可以看出……。很顯然……，但是為什麼呢？
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why?
Ⅸ 09年12月英語四級答案詳解
2009年12月大學英語四級考試答案詳解
Part Ⅰ Writing
審題謀篇
本次四級作文主題為「綠色校園」，這是一個看似簡單普通的話題，寫起來卻不是那麼容易。因為很多考生對於「綠色校園」所表達的內涵感覺比較生僻。假如對「綠色校園」這一主題感到難以把握，考生可以從作文提綱入手進行分析以獲取對「綠色校園」這一概念的相關信息。根據作文提示2，可以看出此處的「綠色校園」指的決不僅僅是青青的草地和高大的樹木構成的校園綠色風景，也不僅僅指對校園環境的珍視和愛護，而是指一種環境保護的文化氛圍和師生具有的環境素養，以及由此帶來的和諧的人文環境和社會績效。在深入理解概念的基礎上，考生還應對 「綠色校園」的重要性進行剖析，這時，考生可以從多個角度組織素材，比如從校園的環境問題出發，進而擴展到師生的環境意識對「綠色校園」所產生的長遠意義以及為未來環境改善所做的貢獻。最後是闡述建設「綠色校園」所要採取的措施。需要注意的就是作文給分的重點在於考生如何用恰當的語言詞彙表達自己的思想觀點。而不是寫得越多，得分就越高。一般分成三個自然段，大概十句話，基本的分布為首段、末段合起來五句或六句，中間段五句或四句，做到結構清楚，重點突出，就可以了。
參考範文
Creating a Green Campus
Recently, with the idea of making and maintaining 「a green earth」 being the focus of the society, 「green campus」 has become a more and more popular concept in universities or colleges, which, undoubtedly, will bring us an ever-lasting benefit to both our campus and our society.
The concept of 「green campus」 does not only mean a green environment but also refers to an environmental sense in people』s mind. Campus plays a crucial role in ecating the young generation and the consciousness of 「green campus」 will definitely proce a profound effect on students』 various environmental protection activities after their graation. What』s more, the young generation is under the burden of severe environmental pollution and there are many problems waiting for them to solve.
To make 「green campus」 come true, firstly, it is necessary to work out effective principles for the development of sustainable and recyclable campus. Secondly, it calls for people』s awareness of the serious pollution around us and actual action to rece the waste. Last but not least, it is necessary to strengthen the ties between campus and society, so as to ensure that 「green campus」 can work smoothly with the co-effort of the whole society.
建設綠色校園
近來，隨著建設並保持「綠色地球」的觀念成為社會關注的焦點，「綠色校園」也成為校園里流行的話題。這無疑會給我們的校園和社會帶來長遠的利益。
「綠色校園」不僅僅指綠色的環境，還包括人們頭腦中的環境意識。學校在培養年輕一代上起著關鍵作用，「綠色校園」的意識必定會對學生畢業後的環境保護意識產生長遠影響。更為重要的是，年輕一代面臨著嚴重的環境污染，有太多問題等待他們去解決。
為使「綠色校園」成為現實，首先應該制定出可持續發展、可長遠發展的有效政策。其次，還需要人們對環境污染的嚴肅性有正確認識並採取實際行動切實減少污染。最後但同樣重要的是，有必要加強學校和社會的聯系以便在全社會共同努力下使「綠色校園」順利實施。
範文點評
範文以「綠色校園」開篇，保證了文章切題。第一段開門見山，強調當今環保理念下構建「綠色校園」的長遠意義。第二段，著重討論「綠色校園」的含義，指出「綠色校園」不僅指校園中的綠化，還指生活在校園中的人們的綠色和環保意識，把校園這個小環境和社會這個大環境結合起來，說理更加深刻。第三段是談及具體的做法，分一、二、三點進行論述，無疑是使「綠色校園」的理念落在實處。結構完整，首尾呼應，用詞准確。關系詞的正確使用讓句與句之間、段與段之間銜接緊湊，思想表達成熟有深度。
【生動的用詞】 maintain保持;concept概念;profound長遠的;sustainable可持續的;recyclable可循環的。
【豐富的短語】bring benefit to帶來利益;play a crucial role in發揮關鍵作用;under the burden of在……重負下;come true實現;call for要求。
【多變的句式】
範文中長句、短句、簡單句、復雜句交叉使用。不同句型之間的轉換，能讓閱卷老師更好地了解考生對句子結構的掌握運用，從而獲得高分。
避錯指導
本次作文在題材上，雖然仍然延續了我們所熟悉校園類話題，但與社會背景有很大關系。剛剛閉幕的哥本哈根世界氣候大會使環保減排這個主題成為焦點，在全世界都提倡可持續發展、和諧發展這一背景下的「綠色校園」，同時也是一個社會熱點話題，這是我們審題時所必須考慮的。另外開篇時，切忌拖泥帶水，應直截了當，使閱卷老師對文章主題一目瞭然。
除正確審題之外，考生還應注意語言的准確運用，不落俗套。不同句型之間轉換時，考生應對句子結構全面掌握，避免句式錯誤造成扣分。
最後，應盡量避免單詞拼寫錯誤。本次作文常見的卷面拼寫錯誤如下表：
正確拼寫 詞性及詞義 錯誤的拼寫
focus n. 焦點 focuse
effect n. 影響 effection /affect
environment n. 環境 envirment/invironment
burden n. 負擔 burdon
solve v. 解決 slove
serious a. 嚴肅的 serous
true a. 真的 ture
society n. 社會 soceity
theory n. 理論 thery
總之，考生在構思和寫作過程中要盡可能做到思路完整，恰如其分地選擇詞彙。畢竟，無錯表達才是四級語言表達合格的核心。
能力拓展
【同義詞轉換】
作文表達除了准確，還要做到句式多變，詞彙靈活多樣。
1. realize → be aware of 意識到
We』d better be aware of the seriousness of pollution around us. 我們最好意識到周圍污染的嚴峻性。
2. keep → preserve 保持
It is necessary to ecate the students to be conscious of the importance to preserve the environment. 有必要教育學生意識到保護環境的重要性。
3. lead → conct 引導
This will help conct the activities of the college students. 這有助於引導大學生的行為。
【話題備考錦囊】
6. The idea of 「a green campus」 is beyond a green environment. 「綠色校園」絕不僅僅是一個綠色環境。
7. The construction of 「a green campus」 will greatly stimulate students to take part in various environmental protection activities. 建設「綠色校園」將會極大激勵學生參與環境保護。
8. To bring 「a green campus」 to its full play, effective measures should be taken. 為全面實施「綠色校園」，必須採取有效措施。
9. Campus construction is of vital importance not only to the physical development of students but to their mental health as well. 校園建設不僅對學生的身體發展很重要，而且對他們的心理健康也很重要。
10. There is little doubt that further consideration must be paid to our green campus. 毫無疑問，對於綠色校園應該給與更多的思考。
【話題詞彙拓展】
devastation n. 毀壞 disastrous a. 損失慘重的
doom v. 厄運，毀滅 existence n. 存在，生活
healthful a. 健康的 messy a. 骯臟的，凌亂的
participation n. 分享，參與 preserve v. 保存，保護
preventive a. 預防性的 purify v. 澄清，凈化
stimulation n. 激勵，鼓舞 arouse consciousness 喚起意識
命題風向標
本次作文難度適中，與之前考試中出現的「限塑」主題有千絲萬縷的聯系。考生要想在本次作文中獲取高分，除了審題恰當獨到，還要有扎實的語言基礎。如本文主題「綠色校園」可以採用多種表達：green campus和environmental-friendly campus;「綠色校園的構建」可以使用create，build up，establish和construct等，以體現考生對詞彙多樣性的積累。
從關注白色污染到關注博物館免費開放，再到綠色校園構建，四級作文命題重點在側重校園類話題的同時開始向與大學生生活有關的話題轉移。由此也凸顯了對歷年真題分析的重要意義。更多地立足真題，總結規律，切實提高自己語言能力，始終是四級作文備考的根本。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
篇章結構
核心詞彙
1. aid n. ①幫助，援助 ②助手v. 幫助，援助
【用】financial aid經濟援助;merit aid/ Merit-based獎學金;need-based aid助學金或經濟資助;foreign aid外援，對外援助;hearing aid助聽器;aids and appliances用具，設備【搭】in aid to用來幫助，起……作用;lead one』s aid (to)援助，給予幫助;in aid of作為援助……之用【拓】aidance n. 協助，幫助;aidant a. 幫助的;aided a. 輔助的
2. project v. ①設計 ②發射n. 事業，計劃，工程
【用】Project Hope希望工程;project manager項目經理;project plan項目規劃;project budget項目預算，工程預算【拓】projection n. 突出，發射;projecting a. 突出的
3. selective a. 選擇性的
4. 【用】selective analysis重點分析;selective breeding選擇育種，選擇性繁殖 【拓】select v. 挑選，選拔a. 精選的;selection n. 選擇，挑選，選集
5. package n. 包裹;套裝軟體，程序包a. 一攬子的
【用】package design包裝設計;package agreement一攬子安排，一攬子方案;package holiday(旅行社安排一切的)一攬子旅遊;package tour包辦旅行(路線、地點、時間和費用等均作統一規定和安排的旅遊);package program組裝程序【拓】pack n.包裝，背包v. 包裝，壓緊;packaged a. 袋裝的;packager n. 打包機
6. ranking a. 頭等的;n. 等級，地位
【用】ranking list排名;ranking method等級法，排序法
【拓】rank n. 等級;隊列;v. 排列，列隊
7. grant v. ①授予 ②承認;n. ①授予物 ②撥款
【用】grant of a patent授予專利權【搭】take…for granted認為……是理所當然; Granted/Granting that即使……(也)【拓】grants n. 補助金，津貼(grant的復數)
8. enrol v. 登記，入學，參軍，注冊
【搭】enrol in選課，參加【拓】enrollment n. 登記，入伍;enrollee n. 入學者，入伍者
9. eliminate v. 消除，排除
【用】eliminate illiteracy掃盲;eliminate poverty消除貧困;eliminate noise 消除雜訊【拓】eliminate 是指把已進入者從中排除;exclude v. 指把想進入者拒之門外
10. qualify v. 使具有資格，證明……合格【用】qualifying examination資格考試，初試;qualifying competition預選賽，資格賽 【搭】qualify as 取得……資格，作為……合適;qualify for有……的資格，合格【拓】qualified a. 有資格的，合格的
11. excel v. 勝過，優於，擅長n. [計算機] 軟體名稱
【搭】to excel in/at (在某方面)勝過(或超過)別人;to excel in music 擅長音樂
【拓】 excellent a. 極好的，卓越的;excellence n. 優秀，長處
12. submit v. 使服從，提交【用】submit oneself to discipline遵守紀律;submit registration提交登記表，提交注冊【搭】submit to 服從;submit…to 將……呈交給【拓】 submission n. 服從，投降
試題詳解
1. 【原題譯文】隨著越來越多的低收入學生追求高等教育，一些學院__。
B【快速解題】本題的題干關鍵詞是more and more，low-income students和pursuing higher ecation。由此即可定位到原文第二段，全文的主旨段。
【篇章分析】原文第二段指出：「But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as merit aid, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars.」原文中with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population和題干中with more and more low-income students pursuing higher ecation意思一致;原文中re-examining和B選項中revise意思相同。所以答案為B。
2. 【原題譯文】位於米德維爾的阿勒格尼學院三年前做了什麼?
D【快速解題】本題的題干關鍵詞是大學名稱Allegheny College in Meadville和do，由此定位到原文第三段。
【篇章分析】原文第三段指出：「George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and rece the number of recipients (接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago.」題目中的D項It cut its merit-based aid help the needy students與原文cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and rece the number of recipients, pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid意思相同，所以答案為D。
3. 【原題譯文】有排名意識的大學提供獎學金的主要目的是__。
C【快速解題】本題的題干關鍵詞是rankings-conscious和purpose，由此可定位到原文第七段。
【篇章分析】原文第七段指出：「But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profiles.」原文中的recruit表示「招收」，和答案C中的attract意思相似，所以答案為C。
4. 【原題譯文】漢密爾頓的入學和助學金辦公室主任莫尼卡•英澤相信__。
D【快速解題】本題的題干關鍵詞是Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hanilton，由此可定位到原文第十段。
【篇章分析】原文第十段指出：「to be discounting the price for families that don』t need financial aid doesn』t feel right any more.」原文與D項it』s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition意思相同，所以答案為D。
5. 【原題譯文】近年來，獎學金的增長比助學金快得多，是因為__。
B【快速解題】本題的題干關鍵詞是merit-based aid和increased，由此即可定位到原文第十二段第二句。
【篇章分析】原文第十二段第二句指出：「typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state』s public institutions.」 in a bid to 可以理解為「為了……，力求……」。enroll top students in the state』s public institutions符合原題意思，所以答案為B
6. 【原題譯文】依大衛•萊爾德來看，許多私立學院對獎學金的態度是什麼?
A【快速解題】本題的題干關鍵詞是David Laird，attitude，private colleges和merit aid，由此即可定位到原文第十四段。
【篇章分析】原文第十四段指出：「David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to rece their merit aid」。原文和答案A項They would like to see it reced意思一致，所以答案為A。
7. 【原題譯文】為什麼阿勒格尼學院不打算完全取消獎學金?
C【快速解題】本題的題干是Allegheny College和drop merit aid。由此即可定位到原文第十六段。
【篇章分析】原文第十六段指出：「A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don』t qualify for need-based aid, that many have to depend on it.」。原文中depend on和答案C選項中的rely on意思相同，所以答案為C。
8. qualified
【原題譯文】每年是否可以繼續享受學術獎學金取決於獎學金得主是否繼續________。
【快速解題】本題的題干關鍵詞是annual renewal，academic，merit scholarships和recipient，由此即可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid這一部分。
【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid部分第四句指出：「These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify」。 這些獎學金通常幫助學生交納學費，只要他們繼續符合條件，每年都可以繼續享受。原文中的each year在本題中被換成了annual，原文中的renewed在本題中被換成了名詞renewal，原文中的continue被轉換成了remain，所以本題應該填形容詞qualified。
9. recognizes
【原題譯文】體育獎學金申請者要求有______其在運動方面有傑出表現的教練或裁判的推薦。
【快速解題】本題的題干關鍵詞是athletic和a coach or a referee，由此即可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid這一部分第三段。
【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid這一部分第三段：「Recommendation for this scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee (裁判).」本獎學金必須有人推薦，因為傑出的運動表現必須得到教練或裁判的認可。題目把原文的被動結構變成了主動，而a coach or a referee是第三人稱單數，所以本題應該填的答案是recognizes。
10. excellence
【原題譯文】藝術獎學金要求申請者必須提交能表明其在某一領域______的證明。
【快速解題】本題的題干關鍵詞是applicants，artistic merit scholarships，proce evidence和show，由此可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid這一部分第四段。
【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid這一部分第四段指出：「Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area」。藝術獎學金要求申請者在一定藝術領域有突出表現。原文中的in a given artistic field和題目中的in a particular artistic field同義，題目中需要填的是動詞show的賓語，即一個名詞，而原句中對應的excel卻是動詞詞性，需要變成名詞形式，所以答案就是excel的名詞形式excellence。
全文精譯
大學重新審視獎學金的價值
許多大學給予學生經濟資助時，最重要的依據仍然是學生良好的評估等級和較高的試卷分數。
但是在未來幾年裡，預計低收入家庭的學生數佔大學生總數的比例越來越大。一些學校正在重新考慮獎學金是否是利用大學寶貴的資金最有效的途徑。
例如，華盛頓特區的喬治•華盛頓大學上周公布說將削減約三分之一的獎學金，減少獎學金得主數，而將節省下來的大約250萬美元用於助學金。位於賓夕法尼亞州米德維爾的阿勒格尼學院三年前也做出了類似的決定。
紐約柯林頓市的哈密爾頓學院說它將逐步淘汰獎學金。該規定不會使現有的獎學金得主失去獎學金，助學金制度將從2008年秋天入學的學生開始實行。
並不是所有的大學都提供獎學金;一般來說，淘汰率越高的學校，越不太可能提供獎學金。例如，哈佛大學和普林斯頓大學慷慨地提供了各種助學金，但是許多不符合助學條件的家庭為了上名牌大學不管付多少錢都願意。
對於規模較小的地方性學院來說，他們只是努力填滿空缺，獎學金只是財政收入的重要來源，因為許多獎學金得主仍需支付比獎學金金額更高的學費，而正是這些學費維持大學的運轉。
但是對於有排名意識的學校，獎學金已經成為招收一流學生和改善他們的學術效益的一種主要工具。斯基德莫爾大學的經濟學家桑迪•波美說，「他們試圖購買學生」。
研究表明獎學金存在一種傾向，即大部分獎學金得主不依靠獎學金仍能支付得起學費。
「展望未來，更迫切需要的助學金投資」，漢密爾頓的入學和助學金辦公室主任莫尼卡•英澤說。漢密爾頓大學已提供10年的獎學金。在這段時間里，在《美國新聞和世界報導》對最好的文學院的排名中，它從第25名上升到第17名。
獎學金每年幫助了大約75名學生，或大約4%的學生，花費大約為一年1百萬美元，「獎學金給我們帶來了好處」，英澤說，但「獎學金這種變相優惠學費的做法對不需要經濟援助的家庭來說，似乎不妥。」
助學金目前仍是學生接受資助的主要方式，包括國家助學金、聯邦助學金和機構助學金。但是，從總體上和大學層面上來看，主要由學校和州提供的獎學金增長速度很快。
一項由美國賓州州立大學教授唐納德•海勒主持的研究報告表明，在1995-96和2003-04年之間，僅就大學的獎學金而言，增加了212%，而助學金增加了47%。至少有15個州也提供獎學金，通常是為了在公立大學中招收優等生。
但是近年來，越來越多的批評已經迫使大學開始減少這種做法。漢密爾頓和其他大學最近的決策可能是「一種跡象，表明人們開始意識到這種破壞性的競爭」，波美說。波美與他人合作，共同發表了一份《大學報告》，對於大學資助不是建立在需要的基礎之上表示擔憂。
明尼蘇達私立大學委員會主席大衛•萊爾德認為，很多私立學校想減少獎學金，但害怕這樣做，會使優秀學生流失到他們的競爭對手那裡去。
「沒有人可以採取單方面行動，」萊爾德說。他正在探索是否能獲得聯邦反托拉斯法的豁免，以使會員大學可以討論如何共同降低獎學金。「這是一個跑得很快的旋轉木馬，沒有大學相信他們能承受擺脫木馬束縛的風險。」
一個復雜因素就是，獎學金已經在不符合助學金條件的中產階級家庭中變得很受歡迎，結果許多家庭都依靠它。並且，隨著學費不斷增加，獎助學金之間的界限也變得模糊了。
這是阿勒格尼大學並不打算完全取消獎學金的理由之一。
「我們仍然相信對成績優異者進行獎勵的效用，好學生很重視獎學金」， 阿勒格尼大學負責招生的副校長斯科特•弗利達霍夫說。
位於亞特蘭大的艾莫利大學以擁有47億美元的捐贈而自豪。同時該校擬採取新政策。今年，該大學宣布將取消特困生貸款，同時對中產階級家庭的貸款進行限額，但它將擴大其已有28年歷史的獎學金項目。
「是的，我們在玩獎學金游戲，」負責大學本科教育的副院長湯姆蘭•卡斯特承認。但這也有它的優勢，他說，「事實上，這不僅僅關繫到低收入人群，它還關繫到無緣問津助學金、普通的美國中產階級家庭。」
* 關於獎學金制度的幾點補充
獎學金是向在某一領域傑出的學生提供的資助，通常是指學術、體育和藝術獎學金。
學術獎學金是以學生在高中階段的分數，平均成績和學術表現為基礎。它們通常是專門為學，
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